Intervention

Advocate

A social worker role focused on speaking up for clients, helping them access resources, and ensuring their rights are upheld in various systems.

Social Work Broker

A role where the social worker connects clients to needed resources, services, or supports within the community.

Change Agent

A social worker who facilitates and empowers clients or communities to create positive change, often through planning, problem-solving, and mobilization.

Mediator in Social Work

A social worker acts as a neutral party to help resolve conflicts or disagreements between individuals, families, or groups.

Cycle of Violence

A recurring pattern in abusive relationships consisting of tension-building, acute violence, and a honeymoon phase.

Verbal Communication

Using spoken or written words to convey a message or meaning.

Non-Verbal Communication

Communicating through body language, facial expressions, tone, gestures, and posture.

Active Listening

Fully concentrating, understanding, and responding thoughtfully to a speaker’s message. Includes eye contact and open body language.

Reflecting

Repeating back or summarizing what the client said to demonstrate understanding and clarify meaning.

Validating

Acknowledging and affirming a client’s feelings, thoughts, or experiences as real and important.

Reframing

Helping clients view a situation or thought in a new, more positive or constructive way.

Paraphrasing

Restating the client’s message in your own words to confirm understanding.

Congruence in Communication

Ensuring that verbal and non-verbal messages match, building trust and clarity.

Stages of Change

A model of behavioral change with five stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Short-Term Intervention

Goal-focused, time-limited strategies to address immediate client concerns, often solution-focused therapy.

Role Play

Practicing or simulating real-life situations in a safe environment to build skills or prepare for challenges.

Role Modeling

Demonstrating behaviors or skills for clients to learn through observation and imitation.

Harm Reduction

Strategies aimed at minimizing negative consequences of risky behaviors without requiring abstinence.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud’s theory that unconscious desires and conflicts influence behavior.

Id/Ego/Superego

Id: Instinctual desires (pleasure principle). Ego: Rational decision-maker (reality principle). Superego: Moral conscience.

Conscious

Thoughts and feelings we are fully aware of.

Preconscious

Thoughts just below the surface, accessible with effort.

Syntonic

Behaviors or thoughts that align with an individual’s self-image or values.

Dystonic

Behaviors or thoughts that conflict with an individual’s self-image or values.

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler’s theory focusing on overcoming feelings of inferiority and striving for personal growth and success.

Ego Psychology

A theory emphasizing the role of the ego in adapting, managing defenses, and fostering resilience.

Self Psychology

Kohut’s theory emphasizing the importance of relationships and the development of a healthy self through empathy and mirroring.

Cognitive Restructuring

A technique in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that helps clients identify and replace negative, distorted thoughts with healthier, realistic ones.

Task-Centered Approach

A short-term, problem-solving method that focuses on identifying specific tasks to address the client’s immediate needs.

Strategic Family Therapy

A goal-directed approach that focuses on solving family problems through structured interventions, often targeting specific behaviors or patterns.

Structural Family Therapy

A therapy approach developed by Salvador Minuchin that examines and restructures family hierarchies, boundaries, and roles to improve functioning.

Bowenian Family Therapy

Murray Bowen’s approach focusing on family systems, emotional interdependence, and differentiation of self to reduce anxiety in family dynamics.

Permanency Planning

A child welfare strategy that seeks to provide stable, permanent homes for children in foster care through adoption, reunification, or guardianship.

Mindfulness

A practice of focused, non-judgmental awareness of the present moment to reduce stress and improve emotional regulation.

Community Organizing

A process where social workers engage and empower community members to address shared problems and advocate for social change.

Social Planning

A systematic process of analyzing community needs and developing programs, policies, or resources to address them.

Case Management

A collaborative process where social workers assess, plan, coordinate, and monitor services to meet a client’s needs effectively.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A method of comparing the costs of a program or intervention with its financial or societal benefits to determine value

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Evaluates the cost of an intervention relative to its outcomes, often expressed in non-monetary terms (e.g., improved health or education).

Outcome Assessment

A process of evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention or program by measuring its impact on client outcomes.

Social Work Helping Process

A framework involving engagement, assessment, planning, intervention, evaluation, and termination to guide client work.

Empathy

The ability to understand, feel, and communicate an awareness of another person’s emotions and experiences.

Program Developer

A role where social workers design, implement, and evaluate programs to address community or client needs.

Policy Analyst

A professional who studies, evaluates, and advocates for policies that address social issues and impact client populations.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)

An evidence-based approach to help children and adolescents process trauma, reduce symptoms, and improve coping skills.

Behavioral Therapy

A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning and reinforcement techniques.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a pleasant stimulus to encourage a desired behavior (e.g., praise for completing a task).

Negative Reinforcement

Removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a desired behavior (e.g., turning off a loud noise when behavior improves).

Positive Punishment

Adding an unpleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior (e.g., assigning extra chores for misbehavior).

Negative Punishment

Removing a pleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior (e.g., taking away privileges like screen time).

Aversion Therapy

A behavioral technique that uses unpleasant stimuli to reduce or eliminate unwanted behaviors (e.g., pairing nausea with substance use).

In Vivo Desensitization

A form of exposure therapy where a client gradually faces real-life situations or stimuli that provoke anxiety, while practicing relaxation techniques.

Systemic Desensitization

A therapeutic technique that uses gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli paired with relaxation strategies, often using an anxiety hierarchy.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

A goal-oriented therapy that focuses on solutions, strengths, and resources rather than problems, helping clients identify and achieve their desired future.

Gestalt Therapy

A holistic, experiential therapy that emphasizes the present moment, self-awareness, and integrating thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to resolve unfinished business.

Logotherapy

Viktor Frankl’s existential therapy focused on finding meaning in life, even during suffering, as a driving force for personal growth and healing.

Feminist Therapy

A therapeutic approach that addresses societal oppression, gender roles, and power imbalances, empowering clients (especially women) to achieve equality and self-actualization.

Task-Centered/Problem-Solving Therapy

A short-term, structured approach where specific, measurable tasks are collaboratively developed to address immediate client problems.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A therapy combining cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness, often for borderline personality disorder.

Narrative Therapy

A collaborative therapy where clients “re-author” their life stories, separating themselves from their problems and focusing on personal strengths and values.

Exposure Therapy

A behavioral therapy that reduces fear and anxiety by gradually exposing clients to feared objects, situations, or thoughts in a safe, controlled manner.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A cognitive-behavioral approach developed by Albert Ellis that challenges irrational beliefs and replaces them with rational, healthier thoughts.

Prolonged Exposure Therapy

A specific form of exposure therapy used for PTSD, involving repeated, controlled exposure to trauma memories to reduce avoidance and distress.

Primary Prevention

Interventions aimed at preventing problems or disorders before they occur by reducing risk factors (e.g., education programs, vaccinations).

Secondary Prevention

Early intervention strategies to identify and address problems at an early stage to prevent worsening (e.g., screenings, crisis intervention).

Tertiary Prevention

Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of ongoing issues or disorders, focusing on rehabilitation and minimizing long-term consequences.

Precontemplation

The individual is not yet aware of or does not recognize that their behavior is problematic. They have no intention of changing in the foreseeable future.

Contemplation

The individual is aware that their behavior may be problematic and is considering change, but they are ambivalent and not yet ready to take action.

Preparation

The individual is ready to change and begins to plan concrete steps or strategies to modify their behavior in the near future (e.g., within 30 days).

Action

The individual actively takes steps to change their behavior by implementing their plan. This stage requires significant effort and commitment.

Maintenance

The individual has sustained the new behavior for a significant period (e.g., six months or more) and works to prevent relapse and consolidate gains.

Relapse (Optional Stage)

A return to previous behaviors after a period of progress. It is seen as a natural part of the change process, and individuals can re-enter the cycle at any stage.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) focuses on changing a client’s negative thought patterns to alter their behavior.

True: CBT is based on the premise that altering dysfunctional thoughts can lead to changes in behavior and emotional responses.

The primary goal of the person-in-environment perspective is to focus only on the individual’s internal psychological state.

False: The person-in-environment perspective emphasizes the interaction between individuals and their environment, considering social, cultural, and environmental factors, not just internal states.

In crisis intervention, the social worker’s role is to provide long-term therapeutic support.

False: Crisis intervention aims to provide immediate support and help individuals return to their normal level of functioning. Long-term therapy is not the primary goal.

Motivational interviewing is a client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.

True: Motivational interviewing is a collaborative technique used to enhance motivation for change by exploring the client’s reasons for ambivalence.

Solution-focused therapy emphasizes understanding the root causes of problems in order to solve them.

False: Solution-focused therapy focuses on finding solutions and strategies for change rather than delving into the causes of problems.

In cognitive therapy, the social worker encourages clients to examine their thinking patterns and identify cognitive distortions.

True: Cognitive therapy involves identifying and challenging distorted thought patterns to improve emotional and behavioral responses.

The primary goal of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is to help individuals develop better problem-solving skills in relation to interpersonal relationships.

True: DBT focuses on helping individuals with emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance, and mindfulness to address issues like borderline personality disorder.

In family therapy, the social worker only addresses the individual’s behavior, not the dynamics within the family system.

False: Family therapy focuses on the interactions and dynamics within the family system, recognizing that changes in one family member affect the entire system.

Play therapy is primarily used to help children express emotions and solve problems through structured play activities.

True: Play therapy allows children to express their feelings and process experiences in a way that is more natural and accessible for them.

Assertiveness training focuses on helping clients communicate their needs directly and respectfully while respecting the rights of others.

True: Assertiveness training teaches clients how to express their needs and feelings in a clear, direct, and respectful manner.

Behavioral interventions focus on reinforcing desirable behaviors and discouraging undesirable ones through rewards and consequences.

True: Behavioral interventions are grounded in operant conditioning principles, using reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.

The primary focus of psychoanalytic therapy is to identify unconscious processes and past unresolved conflicts that influence current behavior.

True: Psychoanalytic therapy, developed by Freud, explores unconscious thoughts and early life experiences to understand current behavior and emotions.

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is specifically designed to address the impact of trauma on children and adolescents.

True: TF-CBT integrates cognitive behavioral therapy with trauma-sensitive principles to address the emotional and psychological effects of trauma on children and adolescents.

Mindfulness-based therapy encourages clients to focus on past traumatic events to understand their present reactions.

False: Mindfulness-based therapy emphasizes being present in the moment and observing thoughts and feelings without judgment, rather than focusing on past events.

Interventions that focus on the use of strengths-based approaches prioritize building on a client’s existing resources and resilience.

True: Strengths-based interventions focus on recognizing and leveraging a client's strengths to promote healing and growth.

In brief therapy, the primary focus is on exploring a client’s past experiences in depth to resolve long-standing issues.

False: Brief therapy focuses on addressing current problems in a short time frame, emphasizing practical solutions rather than extensive exploration of the past.

Cognitive restructuring is an intervention used to change negative thought patterns and replace them with more positive or realistic ones.

True: Cognitive restructuring is a key component of cognitive therapy, aimed at challenging and altering dysfunctional thoughts.

The primary goal of exposure therapy is to help individuals face and overcome their fears through gradual, controlled exposure to the feared object or situation.

True: Exposure therapy is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders by systematically desensitizing individuals to their fears.

In narrative therapy, clients are encouraged to see their problems as separate from themselves and rewrite their personal stories in a positive light.

True: Narrative therapy involves exploring how clients construct their identities through stories and re-authoring their narratives to create a more empowering self-concept.

The goal of family systems therapy is to focus on resolving individual issues without considering the family dynamics.

False: Family systems therapy emphasizes understanding and improving the interactions and relationships within the family system as a whole, rather than focusing solely on the individual.

Supportive therapy focuses on providing emotional support and reinforcing adaptive coping strategies without focusing on major behavioral change.

True: Supportive therapy helps clients manage stress and difficulties by providing empathy, validation, and encouragement, without pushing for significant behavioral change.

The goal of psychodynamic therapy is to help clients develop greater self-awareness by exploring unconscious processes and childhood experiences.

True: Psychodynamic therapy seeks to bring unconscious thoughts and past conflicts into conscious awareness to improve emotional functioning.

Play therapy is only effective for children with severe behavioral problems, not for children with mild issues.

False: Play therapy can be helpful for children with a range of issues, including emotional, behavioral, and social challenges, regardless of severity.

The goal of psychodrama is to help individuals reenact and explore past experiences to gain insight and resolve conflicts.

True: Psychodrama uses role-playing and dramatic techniques to help individuals gain insight into their feelings, behaviors, and interpersonal dynamics.

The primary focus of harm reduction strategies is to help individuals stop unhealthy behaviors entirely.

False: Harm reduction strategies aim to reduce the negative consequences of risky behaviors, even if the behavior itself isn’t entirely eliminated.

The strengths-based approach encourages clients to focus on their weaknesses and areas of dysfunction in order to improve their functioning.

False: Strengths-based approaches focus on identifying and utilizing clients’ strengths and resources to foster empowerment and improve functioning.

In narrative therapy, the therapist is seen as the expert who tells the client how to rewrite their personal story.

False: In narrative therapy, the therapist collaborates with the client to help them reframe and rewrite their own stories, viewing them as the expert of their own life.

Mindfulness-based interventions encourage clients to focus on the present moment without judgment and increase awareness of their thoughts and feelings.

True: Mindfulness-based approaches help clients develop greater awareness of the present moment, fostering acceptance and reducing the impact of negative thoughts and emotions.

In brief solution-focused therapy, clients are expected to spend most of their time discussing the history and causes of their problems.

False: Solution-focused therapy emphasizes finding solutions in the present and future, rather than focusing extensively on the causes or history of problems.

Behavioral interventions focus on changing thoughts and beliefs, not necessarily behaviors.

False: Behavioral interventions primarily focus on changing observable behaviors through techniques like reinforcement, punishment, and conditioning.

In group therapy, participants typically interact with each other to share experiences, offer support, and work toward goals in a shared setting.

True: Group therapy leverages the dynamics of interaction and shared experiences to help individuals work toward common therapeutic goals.

In the psychodynamic approach, the social worker focuses on helping the client become aware of their unconscious thoughts and early life experiences.

True: Psychodynamic therapy explores how unconscious thoughts, past relationships, and early experiences influence current behavior and emotions.

Solution-focused therapy emphasizes exploring clients’ past to understand the origins of their problems.

False: Solution-focused therapy prioritizes finding practical solutions in the present and future, rather than delving deeply into past experiences.

In trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), the therapist helps clients process traumatic experiences and change their thoughts and behaviors related to trauma.

True: TF-CBT integrates cognitive-behavioral principles with trauma-sensitive techniques to help clients process trauma and alter unhelpful thoughts and behaviors.

In the systems theory approach, social workers primarily focus on understanding the individual’s behavior in isolation, without considering their environment.

False: Systems theory focuses on understanding individuals within the context of their relationships and environment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of various systems influencing behavior.

The goal of client-centered therapy is to create a non-judgmental, empathetic environment where clients can explore their feelings and experiences.

True: Client-centered therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes providing unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness to help clients explore their feelings and experiences.

In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), clients are taught skills in emotional regulation, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness.

True: DBT, developed by Marsha Linehan, integrates cognitive-behavioral principles with mindfulness practices to help clients manage intense emotions and improve relationships.

The primary aim of narrative therapy is to help clients identify the root cause of their problems and eliminate them.

False: Narrative therapy helps clients reframe their experiences and construct new, empowering stories, rather than identifying a single root cause.

Behavioral interventions use reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior, but do not address underlying cognitive processes.

True: Behavioral interventions focus on observable behavior and use reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior, without delving into cognitive processes or thought patterns.

In Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), clients process traumatic memories through guided eye movements to reduce the emotional charge of the memory.

True: EMDR is a therapeutic approach designed to help clients process traumatic memories by using bilateral stimulation, such as guided eye movements, to reduce distress.

Family therapy interventions are only useful for resolving conflicts between parents and children, not for issues between other family members.

False: Family therapy can be helpful for addressing conflicts and improving communication among all family members, not just between parents and children.

In narrative therapy, the therapist views the client’s problems as an inherent part of the individual’s identity.

False: Narrative therapy views problems as separate from the individual, allowing clients to reframe and reshape their personal narratives to empower change.

The primary goal of behavioral therapy is to change behavior through classical and operant conditioning techniques, without focusing on the emotional or cognitive aspects of the client’s experience.

True: Behavioral therapy focuses on modifying observable behaviors through techniques like reinforcement and punishment, often without directly addressing emotions or cognition.

The primary focus of a strength-based approach in therapy is to identify and work on a client’s weaknesses to help them improve their coping mechanisms.

False: Strength-based approaches focus on identifying and utilizing the client’s existing strengths and resources to foster empowerment and create positive change.

Intervention

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