Clinical Level flashcards: Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior in The Environment

What are the stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development relevant to adulthood?

Young Adulthood (Intimacy vs. Isolation): Focus on forming meaningful relationships and connections. Middle Adulthood (Generativity vs. Stagnation): Emphasis on contributing to society and supporting future generations. Older Adulthood (Integrity vs. Despair): Reflecting on life and accepting its outcomes.

What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Assimilation: Integrating new information into existing schemas. Accommodation: Modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information.

How does the social learning theory explain behavior?

Social learning theory, proposed by Bandura, emphasizes that behavior is learned through observation, imitation, and modeling, with reinforcement and punishment influencing the likelihood of repeating behaviors.

What is the significance of cultural competence in clinical practice?

Cultural competence ensures that services respect and integrate the client’s cultural background, values, and beliefs, fostering trust and effective therapeutic outcomes.

How does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs influence human behavior?

Maslow’s hierarchy suggests that individuals must meet basic needs (e.g., physiological and safety) before pursuing higher-level needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

What are protective factors, and how do they support resilience?

Protective factors are characteristics or conditions (e.g., strong social support, positive coping strategies) that mitigate risks and promote resilience in the face of adversity.

What is the role of attachment theory in understanding behavior?

Attachment theory, developed by Bowlby and Ainsworth, posits that early bonds with caregivers influence emotional regulation, relationships, and behavior across the lifespan.

What is intersectionality, and how does it impact identity and behavior?

Intersectionality examines how overlapping social identities (e.g., race, gender, socioeconomic status) influence experiences of privilege or oppression, shaping individual behavior and systemic interactions.

What are the stages of grief according to Kübler-Ross?

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

How does neuroplasticity contribute to recovery and learning?

Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to adapt and reorganize by forming new neural connections, facilitating recovery from trauma and supporting lifelong learning.

What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important in clinical practice?

The biopsychosocial model integrates biological, psychological, and social factors to provide a comprehensive understanding of an individual’s behavior and challenges.

How does racial identity development differ across lifespan stages?

Racial identity evolves through self-awareness, social interactions, and cultural context, often shifting from a focus on external validation to internalized pride and acceptance.

What is acculturation, and how does it affect individuals?

Acculturation is the process of adapting to a new culture while maintaining aspects of one’s original culture, often leading to integration, assimilation, separation, or marginalization.

How does the ecological perspective inform clinical social work?

The ecological perspective examines how individuals interact with their environment, identifying systemic factors that influence behavior and well-being.

What is the role of self-efficacy in behavior change?

Self-efficacy, or belief in one’s ability to succeed, motivates individuals to take action, persist through challenges, and achieve goals.

What are the primary components of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory?

1. Microsystem: Immediate environments (family, peers). 2. Mesosystem: Interactions between microsystems (e.g., family-school connection). 3. Exosystem: External settings influencing the individual (e.g., parent’s workplace). 4. Macrosystem: Cultural and societal norms. 5. Chronosystem: Changes over time, including life transitions and historical events.

How does trauma influence brain development in children?

Chronic trauma disrupts neural development, affecting the amygdala (fear response), hippocampus (memory), and prefrontal cortex (decision-making and regulation).

What are the key differences between implicit and explicit biases?

Implicit bias: Unconscious attitudes or stereotypes influencing behavior. Explicit bias: Conscious beliefs and attitudes that are intentionally expressed.

How does Kohlberg’s theory of moral development explain ethical decision-making?

1. Preconventional Level: Based on rewards and punishments. 2. Conventional Level: Upholding laws and social rules. 3. Postconventional Level: Guided by universal ethical principles and justice.

What is the significance of self-concept in human development?

Self-concept reflects how individuals perceive themselves, shaping confidence, motivation, and interactions with others.

How does Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory explain learning?

Learning is a social process where knowledge is constructed through interaction, guided by cultural tools and scaffolding within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).

What is the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on behavior?

ACEs increase the risk of mental health issues, substance use, and chronic physical conditions due to stress-related physiological changes.

How do genetics and environment interact in behavior development?

Genetics provide a predisposition for certain traits, while environmental factors influence how these traits are expressed (gene-environment interaction).

What is the difference between primary and secondary emotions?

Primary emotions: Universal and instinctive (e.g., happiness, fear). Secondary emotions: Complex and socially influenced (e.g., guilt, pride).

What is the role of intersectionality in understanding systemic oppression?

Intersectionality examines how overlapping identities (e.g., race, gender, class) shape unique experiences of privilege or marginalization.

How does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relate to clinical practice?

Unmet basic needs (e.g., safety, physiological) must be addressed before clients can focus on higher-level growth, such as self-actualization.

What is the role of neurodiversity in clinical social work?

Neurodiversity emphasizes the value of neurological differences (e.g., autism, ADHD) and supports inclusive practices tailored to individual needs.

How does Bowlby’s attachment theory inform interventions with clients?

Understanding attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant, disorganized) helps clinicians address relational dynamics and promote healthy connections.

What is the significance of cultural identity in behavior and development?

Cultural identity shapes values, norms, and coping mechanisms, influencing behavior and resilience in diverse contexts.

How does operant conditioning explain behavior change?

Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, states that behaviors are influenced by consequences: Positive reinforcement: Adding a reward to increase behavior. Negative reinforcement: Removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior. Punishment: Reducing behavior through aversive consequences.

What is the role of resilience in overcoming adversity?

Resilience is the ability to adapt and recover from challenges, influenced by factors like social support, problem-solving skills, and self-efficacy.

How does the concept of life transitions impact human development?

Life transitions (e.g., marriage, retirement) often require individuals to adapt to new roles and environments, influencing behavior and emotional well-being.

What is the impact of poverty on human development?

Poverty can limit access to education, healthcare, and opportunities, contributing to stress, poor health outcomes, and delayed cognitive development.

How does gender identity development occur across the lifespan?

Gender identity evolves through self-awareness, societal influences, and experiences, with affirming environments promoting healthy development.

What is the role of emotional intelligence in behavior?

Emotional intelligence involves recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions, enhancing interpersonal relationships and decision-making.

How does social support influence mental health?

Strong social support networks reduce stress, foster resilience, and improve mental health outcomes by providing emotional and practical resources.

What are the stages of prenatal development?

1. Germinal Stage (0-2 weeks): Zygote formation and implantation. 2. Embryonic Stage (3-8 weeks): Organ and system development. 3. Fetal Stage (9 weeks-birth): Growth and maturation.

What is the role of temperament in child development?

Temperament, or an individual’s innate personality traits, influences behavior, emotional responses, and interactions with caregivers and peers.

How does biculturalism impact identity development?

Bicultural individuals navigate multiple cultural identities, which can foster adaptability and resilience but may also create stress or conflict.

What is the importance of spiritual and religious factors in human development?

Spirituality and religion often provide meaning, coping mechanisms, and a sense of community, influencing behavior and well-being.

How do environmental factors contribute to developmental delays?

Factors such as exposure to toxins, malnutrition, and inadequate stimulation can impair cognitive, emotional, and physical development.

What is the difference between collectivist and individualist cultures in behavior?

Collectivist cultures: Emphasize group harmony and interdependence. Individualist cultures: Focus on autonomy and personal achievement.

How does stigma affect individuals with mental health conditions?

Stigma can lead to discrimination, social isolation, and reluctance to seek help, exacerbating mental health challenges.

What is the role of critical periods in development?

Critical periods are specific time frames during which certain skills or abilities (e.g., language) must develop; missing these periods may lead to irreversible deficits.

How does early attachment influence later relationships?

Secure attachment fosters trust and healthy relationships, while insecure attachment can lead to difficulties in emotional regulation and intimacy.

What is the significance of social learning in behavior acquisition?

Individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, particularly role models, with reinforcement shaping repetition.

How does the concept of privilege relate to diversity and behavior?

Privilege involves unearned advantages based on social identity (e.g., race, gender), influencing access to resources and systemic opportunities.

What is the impact of chronic stress on physical and mental health?

Chronic stress can impair immune function, increase the risk of mental health disorders, and contribute to conditions like hypertension and diabetes.

How does social capital influence individual development?

Social capital, or the resources gained through social networks, enhances opportunities for education, employment, and support systems.

What is the significance of the “goodness of fit” in child development?

A good fit between a child’s temperament and their environment (e.g., parenting style) supports healthy emotional and social development.

How does trauma affect memory and cognitive functioning?

Trauma can impair the hippocampus, affecting memory consolidation and retrieval, and overactivate the amygdala, heightening fear and emotional responses.

What is the role of cultural adaptation in human development?

Cultural adaptation involves adjusting behaviors and beliefs to align with a new cultural environment, influencing identity and coping strategies.

How do parenting styles influence child development?

Authoritative: High warmth, high structure, leads to well-adjusted children. Authoritarian: Low warmth, high structure, can result in anxiety or aggression. Permissive: High warmth, low structure, may foster impulsivity. Neglectful: Low warmth, low structure, often results in poor self-esteem and difficulties.

How does the theory of planned behavior explain decision-making?

This theory states that behavior is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, shaping intentions and actions.

What is the impact of systemic racism on individual behavior?

Systemic racism limits opportunities, fosters discrimination, and creates stress, affecting mental health, self-esteem, and economic mobility.

How does identity development vary for LGBTQ+ individuals?

LGBTQ+ identity development often includes stages of self-awareness, disclosure, exploration, and integration, influenced by social acceptance and support.

What are the effects of substance use on family dynamics?

Substance use can create roles like enabler, scapegoat, or hero within the family, disrupting relationships and contributing to intergenerational cycles.

How does socioeconomic status (SES) influence behavior and development?

SES affects access to resources, education, and healthcare, shaping opportunities, stress levels, and overall well-being.

What is the concept of learned helplessness?

Learned helplessness occurs when repeated exposure to uncontrollable situations leads to a perception of powerlessness, reducing motivation and effort.

How do societal norms shape gender roles?

Societal norms establish expectations for behavior based on gender, influencing career choices, interpersonal dynamics, and self-perception.

What is the significance of peer relationships in adolescent development?

Peer relationships provide opportunities for social learning, emotional support, and identity exploration, influencing self-esteem and decision-making.

How does discrimination affect mental health?

Discrimination contributes to chronic stress, anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation, impacting overall well-being and functioning.

What is the difference between assimilation and integration in acculturation?

Assimilation: Adopting the dominant culture while losing one’s original identity. Integration: Maintaining one’s original culture while participating in the dominant culture.

How does the concept of equity differ from equality?

Equality: Treating everyone the same, regardless of need. Equity: Providing resources based on individual needs to ensure fair outcomes.

What is the impact of neglect on early childhood development?

Neglect can result in delayed cognitive and emotional development, attachment issues, and difficulty forming healthy relationships.

How does the “fight or flight” response influence behavior?

The fight or flight response triggers physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate) to prepare the body for action in response to perceived threats.

What is the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in behavior?

Intrinsic motivation: Driven by personal satisfaction or interest. Extrinsic motivation: Driven by external rewards or pressures.

How does the concept of self-stigma impact behavior?

Self-stigma involves internalizing negative societal attitudes, leading to shame, reduced self-esteem, and avoidance of help-seeking behaviors.

What is the role of life course theory in understanding behavior?

Life course theory examines how life events, transitions, and social contexts influence behavior and development across the lifespan.

How does chronic illness impact psychological well-being?

Chronic illness can lead to feelings of loss, anxiety, and depression, requiring coping strategies and support systems for adjustment.

What is the impact of early intervention on developmental delays?

Early intervention provides specialized support to address developmental challenges, improving outcomes in cognitive, emotional, and physical domains.

How does cultural identity influence coping mechanisms?

Cultural identity shapes beliefs about stress and coping, influencing the use of community support, spiritual practices, or individual problem-solving strategies.

What are microsystem-level influences on behavior according to ecological systems theory?

Microsystem influences include immediate relationships and environments, such as family, peers, and school, which directly impact behavior.

How does gender socialization occur in childhood?

Gender socialization occurs through reinforcement, role modeling, and societal expectations, shaping interests, behaviors, and self-concept.

What is the impact of adverse community environments on behavior?

Exposure to violence, poverty, or inadequate resources increases stress, reduces opportunities, and contributes to maladaptive behaviors.

How do cultural expectations influence emotional expression?

Cultures differ in their norms for expressing emotions, with some encouraging openness and others valuing emotional restraint.

What is the role of epigenetics in behavior?

Epigenetics studies how environmental factors influence gene expression, affecting traits and behaviors without altering the genetic code.

How does language development affect social behavior?

Language skills enable communication, emotional expression, and relationship building, influencing social interactions and peer acceptance.

What is the impact of chronic stress on child development?

Chronic stress disrupts brain development, impairing learning, emotional regulation, and the ability to form secure attachments.

How does the “looking-glass self” concept influence self-esteem?

The "looking-glass self," proposed by Cooley, suggests that individuals shape their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them.

What are the key elements of scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?

Scaffolding involves providing structured support to help learners achieve tasks within their Zone of Proximal Development, gradually reducing assistance as skills improve.

How does emotional dysregulation manifest in behavior?

Emotional dysregulation can lead to impulsivity, difficulty managing stress, and inappropriate reactions in social or stressful situations.

What is the role of bicultural competence in identity development?

Bicultural competence allows individuals to navigate and integrate aspects of two cultural identities, fostering adaptability and resilience.

How does the “stress-buffering hypothesis” explain the role of social support?

The stress-buffering hypothesis suggests that strong social support mitigates the negative effects of stress on physical and mental health.

What is the impact of early childhood education on development?

Quality early education enhances cognitive, social, and emotional skills, laying a foundation for lifelong learning and success.

How do societal norms about aging affect older adults?

Societal norms influence perceptions of aging, with ageism contributing to stereotypes, reduced opportunities, and feelings of marginalization.

What is the impact of parental attachment styles on children’s behavior?

Parental attachment styles influence children’s emotional security, social competence, and the development of their own attachment patterns.

How do coping strategies differ between problem-focused and emotion-focused approaches?

Problem-focused coping: Addresses the cause of stress (e.g., planning, problem-solving). Emotion-focused coping: Manages emotional responses to stress (e.g., seeking support, reappraisal).

What is the concept of “role strain” in social behavior?

Role strain occurs when conflicting demands or expectations within a single role cause stress or difficulty in performance.

How does the biopsychosocial model explain mental health disorders?

This model considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the onset, progression, and treatment of mental health disorders.

How do protective factors mitigate the impact of risk factors in development?

Protective factors, such as strong relationships, positive coping skills, and supportive environments, buffer against the negative effects of risk factors like trauma or poverty.

What is the concept of “social comparison” in behavior?

Social comparison, proposed by Festinger, involves evaluating oneself relative to others, influencing self-esteem, motivation, and social behavior.

How does the family systems theory explain behavior?

Family systems theory views individuals as interconnected within family units, where changes in one member affect the entire system, influencing behavior and dynamics.

What is the impact of digital technology on adolescent development?

Digital technology influences identity exploration, social connections, and learning but can also contribute to issues like cyberbullying and sleep disruption.

How does social identity theory explain group behavior?

Social identity theory, proposed by Tajfel, suggests that individuals derive part of their self-concept from group membership, influencing behavior and attitudes toward in-groups and out-groups.

What is the role of critical consciousness in addressing systemic oppression?

Critical consciousness involves recognizing and challenging societal inequalities, empowering individuals to advocate for change and social justice.

How does prenatal exposure to stress affect development?

Prenatal stress can disrupt brain development, increase the risk of preterm birth, and predispose children to emotional and behavioral difficulties.

What are the key components of emotional intelligence?

1. Self-awareness 2. Self-regulation 3. Social skills 4. Empathy 5. Motivation

How does intersectionality influence mental health outcomes?

Intersectionality highlights how overlapping marginalized identities compound stress and discrimination, increasing mental health risks.

What is the significance of reciprocal determinism in social learning theory?

Reciprocal determinism, proposed by Bandura, suggests that behavior, personal factors, and environment influence each other dynamically.

How do adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect adulthood?

ACEs increase the likelihood of chronic health conditions, mental health disorders, and substance use, often perpetuating intergenerational cycles.

What is the concept of social capital, and how does it affect behavior?

Social capital refers to the resources gained from social networks, enhancing opportunities, resilience, and well-being through connections.

How does socioeconomic status (SES) shape educational outcomes?

SES influences access to quality education, extracurricular opportunities, and resources, affecting cognitive development and academic achievement.

What is the role of neuroplasticity in recovery from trauma?

Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize and form new neural connections, enabling healing and adaptation after trauma.

How do social norms influence health behaviors?

Social norms shape perceptions of acceptable behavior, influencing practices like smoking, exercise, and diet based on cultural and peer expectations.

What is the impact of relational trauma on adult relationships?

Relational trauma, such as neglect or abuse, often leads to trust issues, difficulty with intimacy, and patterns of attachment insecurity.

How does stigma affect access to mental health care?

Stigma discourages individuals from seeking help due to fear of judgment or discrimination, leading to untreated mental health conditions.

What is the impact of environmental factors on neurodevelopment?

Environmental influences, such as toxins, malnutrition, and enrichment, significantly affect brain development and cognitive abilities.

How does social exchange theory explain relationships?

Social exchange theory suggests that relationships are maintained based on perceived costs and benefits, with individuals seeking to maximize rewards.

What is the significance of cultural humility in clinical practice?

Cultural humility involves an ongoing commitment to self-reflection, openness to learning, and adapting practices to respect clients’ cultural contexts.

How does chronic illness in childhood affect social development?

Chronic illness can limit social interactions, leading to feelings of isolation, difficulty forming peer relationships, and altered self-esteem.

What is the importance of resilience in adolescent development?

Resilience helps adolescents navigate challenges, fostering problem-solving, emotional regulation, and the ability to thrive despite adversity.

How does systemic inequality impact access to healthcare?

Systemic inequality creates barriers like cost, discrimination, and geographic inaccessibility, disproportionately affecting marginalized groups.

What is the effect of cultural stigma on help-seeking behaviors?

Cultural stigma often discourages individuals from accessing services due to fear of judgment, leading to untreated conditions.

How do developmental milestones inform clinical assessments?

Milestones provide benchmarks for physical, cognitive, and emotional development, helping clinicians identify potential delays or concerns.

What is Maslow Hierarchy of Needs?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs describes a pyramid of human needs, beginning with basic physiological needs and progressing to safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

What is a Family Life Cycle?

Stages families go through as they evolve, including coupling, parenting, launching children, and aging.

What are Parenting Styles?

Authoritative: High responsiveness and high demands. Parents set clear expectations and enforce rules but are also nurturing and supportive. Authoritarian: Low responsiveness and high demands. Parents are strict, with little warmth, focusing on obedience and discipline. Permissive: High responsiveness and low demands. Parents are indulgent, providing lots of warmth but few rules or expectations. Neglectful: Low responsiveness and low demands. Parents are uninvolved, providing neither structure nor support.

What is the difference between Child Abuse and Neglect?

Child Abuse: Refers to intentional harm or mistreatment of a child, which can be physical, emotional, or sexual. Child Neglect: Involves the failure to provide for a child's basic needs, including physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs.

What is Substance Abuse?

Misuse of substances leading to negative consequences in health, work, or relationships.

What is Substance Dependence?

A more severe condition involving tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive use of substances.

What is System Theory?

Examines how systems (families, communities) interact and maintain equilibrium.

What is Elder Abuse?

Abuse or neglect of older adults, including physical, emotional, sexual abuse, or financial exploitation.

What is Self-Neglect?

Failure of an individual to meet their own basic needs due to physical or mental impairments.

What is Crisis Intervention?

Short-term strategies to support individuals during a crisis to restore functioning.

What is a Defense mechanisms?

Defense mechanisms are behaviors that people use to separate themselves from unpleasant events, actions, or thoughts.

What is Maturation Crisis?

Challenges linked to life transitions, like adolescence or retirement.

What is Situational Crisis?

Stressful events, such as job loss or natural disasters, leading to emotional turmoil.

What are Role Theories?

Examines how roles (e.g., parent, worker) influence behavior and social functioning.

What is cultural, racial, and ethnic identity development?

Models describing how individuals develop their cultural and racial identities.

What are Sexual Orientation Terms?

Definitions of terms like heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, and asexual.

What is Coming Out?

The process of recognizing, accepting, and sharing one's sexual orientation or gender identity.

What are the Stages of Grief?

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s model includes the following stages: Denial: Refusal to accept the reality of loss, often thinking, "This can’t be happening." Anger: Feelings of frustration and hostility, such as, "Why is this happening to me?" Bargaining: Attempting to negotiate or make deals to delay or reverse the loss, for example, "If I do this, maybe everything will be okay." Depression: Deep sadness and withdrawal as the loss becomes fully realized. Acceptance: Coming to terms with the loss and finding a way to move forward.

What is Delirium?

Temporary cognitive impairments caused by underlying conditions or substances

What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?

Neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, often linked to alcohol abuse.

Can you name a few substances?

Includes alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and hallucinogens.

What is Korsakoff Syndrome?

Chronic memory disorder associated with severe thiamine deficiency.

What is Antabuse?

Medication causing adverse reactions to alcohol consumption, used in alcohol abuse treatment.

What is Methadone and Suboxone?

Medications used to treat opioid use disorder.

What are the Stages of Change?

A model describing the phases individuals go through to change behavior: Precontemplation: Unaware of the need for change. Contemplation: Aware of the problem but not yet ready to act. Preparation: Planning to take action soon. Action: Actively working to change behaviors. Maintenance: Sustaining changes and preventing relapse. Relapse: Returning to old behaviors, followed by renewed efforts to change.

What is the Life Cycle?

Stages individuals pass through during life, from infancy to older adulthood.

Can you name some treatments for substance abuse?

12 Steps: Peer support program for recovery. Motivational Interviewing: Client-centered technique to elicit behavior change. Harm Reduction: Strategies to minimize harm from substance use. CAGE Assessment: Screening tool for identifying alcohol problems. SUDE Assessment: Evaluates substance use disorder.

What is Early Remission?

Period of reduced symptoms for a substance use disorder lasting 3–12 months.

What is Sustained Remission?

Extended period of symptom reduction for over 12 months.

What is Aversion Therapy?

Behavioral therapy to reduce undesirable behaviors by associating them with negative stimuli.

What is Biofeedback?

Technique to control physiological functions for improved health.

What is Extinction?

Behavioral strategy to reduce undesired behaviors by removing reinforcement.

What is Flooding?

Exposing individuals to fears to reduce anxiety.

What is In Vivo Desensitization?

Gradual exposure to feared situations.

What is Modeling?

Learning behaviors by observing others.

What is Rational Emotive Therapy?

Cognitive-behavioral approach to address irrational beliefs.

What is Shaping?

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior.

What is Systematic Desensitization?

Combines relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to feared stimuli.

What is Time Out?

Removing reinforcement by isolating individuals briefly.

What is Token Economy?

Behavioral system using tokens as rewards for desired behaviors.

What is Substance Withdrawal?

Symptoms occurring after stopping or reducing substance use.

What are the signs of Heroin Use?

Pinpoint pupils, drowsiness, slowed breathing.

What are the signs of Marijuana Use?

Bloodshot eyes, increased appetite, impaired memory.

What are the signs of Alcohol Use?

Slurred speech, impaired judgment, poor coordination.

What are the signs of cocaine?

Dilated pupils, hyperactivity, elevated heart rate.

What are signs of Hallucinogen Use?

Altered perception, hallucinations, impaired coordination.

What are the signs of Opioid Use?

Euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression.

What is Unconditioned Stimulus/Response?

Naturally occurring stimulus and response.

What is Conditioned Stimulus/Response?

Learned associations between stimuli and responses.

What is Ethnicity?

Shared cultural heritage, language, and traditions.

What is Race?

Classification of people based on physical traits.

What is Cultural Identity?

Sense of belonging to a particular culture.

What is Gerontology?

Study of aging and its impact.

What is Closed System?

self-contained system with little interaction with the environment.

What is Entropy?

Movement toward disorder or disorganization in a system.

What is Equifinality?

Ability of systems to achieve similar outcomes through different paths.

What is Homeostasis?

System's tendency to maintain stability.

What is Negative Entropy?

Movement toward order and stability in a system.

What is Open System?

System interacting with its environment.

What is Subsystem?

Smaller systems within a larger system.

What is Sexual Abuse?

Non-consensual sexual acts or exploitation.

What is Physical Abuse?

Physical harm or injury inflicted on another person.

What is Globalization?

Increasing interconnection and interdependence among global communities.

What are the theories of couples development?

Stages in relationships including romance, power struggle, stability, commitment, and co-creation.

What are Co-Occurring Disorders?

Presence of mental health and substance use disorders simultaneously.

What are the Stages of Group Development?

Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

What is Feminist Theory?

Examines power structures and advocates for gender equality.

What is Psychodrama?

Therapeutic use of drama techniques to explore and resolve issues.

What are ADLs?

Activities of daily living, such as eating, dressing, and bathing.

What is Transgender?

Individuals whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth.

What is Sexual Orientation?

Pattern of romantic or sexual attraction.

What is a Sexual Behavior?

Actions related to sexual activity.

What is Sexual Identity?

Self-concept of one's sexual orientation

What is Pluralism?

Coexistence of diverse cultures within a society.

What is Stratifications?

Social hierarchies and divisions.

Family Life Cycle

Revisited to include detailed transitions within family units.

What are some LGBTQ Terms?

Lesbian: A woman who is romantically or sexually attracted to other women. Gay: A man who is romantically or sexually attracted to other men; sometimes used as a broad term for same-sex attraction. Bisexual: A person who is romantically or sexually attracted to more than one gender. Transgender: A person whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth.

What is Suppression ( defense mechanism) ?

Consciously pushing unwanted thoughts out of awareness. Example: A student chooses not to think about an upcoming exam to enjoy their evening.

What is Repression ( defense mechanism) ?

Unconsciously blocking painful memories. Example: A person who experienced a traumatic event in childhood cannot recall the details.

What is Regression ( defense mechanism) ?

Reverting to behaviors of an earlier stage of development. Example: An overwhelmed adult starts to cuddle a stuffed toy for comfort.

What is Acting Out ( defense mechanism) ?

Expressing feelings through actions instead of words. Example: A teenager slams doors and breaks objects after an argument.

What is Compensation ( defense mechanism) ?

Emphasizing strengths to offset weaknesses. Example: A person who struggles socially excels academically to boost self-esteem.

What is Dissociation ( defense mechanism) ?

Disconnecting from reality to escape distress. Example: A person "zones out" during a stressful meeting.

What is Depersonalization?

Feeling detached from one's body. Example: An individual feels like they are observing themselves from outside their body during a traumatic experience.

What is Derealization ( defense mechanism) ?

Feeling that the environment is unreal. Example: A person under extreme stress feels like their surroundings are fake.

What is Identifying with the Aggressor ( defense mechanism) ?

Adopting traits of someone causing harm. Example: A child bullied at school starts bullying others.

What is Isolation of Affect ( defense mechanism) ?

Separating emotions from ideas or events. Example: A doctor talks clinically about a patient’s terminal diagnosis without showing emotions.

What is Rationalization ( defense mechanism) ?

Justifying actions with logical reasons. Example: A person who fails an exam blames the teacher's unfair questions instead of their lack of preparation.

What is Displacement ( defense mechanism) ?

Redirecting emotions to a safer target. Example: An employee upset with their boss takes out their frustration on their family.

What is Denial ( defense mechanism) ?

Refusing to accept reality. Example: A person diagnosed with a serious illness insists they are perfectly healthy.

What is Undoing ( defense mechanism) ?

Trying to reverse a negative action with a positive one. Example: After being rude, someone buys a gift to make amends.

What is Reaction Formation?

Acting opposite to unacceptable impulses. Example: A person who feels anger towards a colleague is overly kind to them.

What is Sublimation ( defense mechanism)?

Channeling negative impulses into positive activities. Example: A person with aggressive tendencies becomes a professional boxer.

What is Identification ( defense mechanism)?

Adopting behaviors or traits of someone admired. Example: A new employee starts mimicking the speech and mannerisms of their successful boss.

What is Intellectualization ( defense mechanism)?

Using logic to avoid emotions. Example: A person diagnosed with a serious illness focuses on learning about the disease rather than expressing fear.

What is Projection ( defense mechanism)?

Attributing one’s own feelings to someone else. Example: A person who is angry with their friend accuses the friend of being angry with them.

What is Introjection ( defense mechanism)?

Adopting the beliefs or values of others. Example: A child takes on their parents’ political beliefs as their own.

What is Devaluation ( defense mechanism)?

Minimizing the importance of something. Example: A person not chosen for a promotion says the job wasn’t worth it anyway.

What is Splitting ( defense mechanism)?

Viewing people or situations as entirely good or bad. Example: A person sees their partner as perfect one day and irredeemable the next.

Clinical Level flashcards: Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior in The Environment

Clinical Level flashcards: Human Development, Diversity, And Behavior in The Environment

Quiz Summary

Information

Results

Results

Categories

1. Question

2. Question

3. Question

4. Question

5. Question

6. Question

7. Question

8. Question

9. Question

10. Question

11. Question

12. Question

13. Question

14. Question

15. Question

16. Question

17. Question

18. Question

19. Question

20. Question

21. Question

22. Question

23. Question

24. Question

25. Question

26. Question

27. Question

28. Question

29. Question

30. Question

31. Question

32. Question

33. Question

34. Question

35. Question

36. Question

37. Question

38. Question

39. Question

40. Question

41. Question

42. Question

43. Question

44. Question

45. Question

46. Question

47. Question

48. Question

49. Question

50. Question

51. Question

52. Question

53. Question

54. Question

55. Question

56. Question

57. Question

58. Question

59. Question

60. Question

61. Question

62. Question

63. Question

64. Question

65. Question

66. Question

67. Question

68. Question

69. Question

70. Question

71. Question

72. Question

73. Question