Bachelor Level Flashcards: Direct and Indirect Practice

What is the primary focus of direct practice in social work?

Direct practice involves face-to-face interaction with clients to assess needs, provide support, and implement interventions.

What is indirect practice in social work?

Indirect practice involves activities like advocacy, policy development, program administration, and community organizing to address systemic issues.

What is the importance of active listening in direct practice?

Active listening builds rapport, demonstrates empathy, and ensures accurate understanding of the client’s concerns.

How does a social worker facilitate client self-determination in direct practice?

By empowering clients to make their own decisions and respecting their right to choose their goals and interventions.

What is the role of supervision in indirect practice?

Supervision provides guidance, support, and accountability for social workers engaging in program development, policy work, or case management.

What is the purpose of case management in direct practice?

Case management coordinates services, resources, and supports to address a client’s needs and goals effectively.

How do social workers use advocacy in indirect practice?

Advocacy involves representing and supporting clients or groups to address systemic barriers and achieve social justice.

What is the role of empathy in direct practice?

Empathy helps social workers understand and connect with clients’ experiences, fostering trust and collaboration.

What is the purpose of community organizing in indirect practice?

Community organizing mobilizes groups to address shared concerns, advocate for change, and build community capacity.

What are the core components of crisis intervention in direct practice?

Crisis intervention focuses on stabilization, safety planning, and addressing immediate needs to prevent further harm.

What is the importance of cultural competence in direct practice?

Cultural competence ensures that interventions are respectful, relevant, and effective for clients from diverse backgrounds

What is program evaluation in indirect practice?

Program evaluation assesses the effectiveness, efficiency, and outcomes of programs to inform improvements and decision-making.

How do social workers handle ethical dilemmas in direct practice?

By consulting the NASW Code of Ethics, seeking supervision, and prioritizing the client’s well-being and rights.

What is resource development in indirect practice?

Resource development involves identifying and securing funding, materials, or partnerships to support programs and services.

How does reflective listening support direct practice?

Reflective listening validates the client’s experiences and encourages open communication, building a stronger therapeutic relationship.

What is policy analysis in indirect practice?

Policy analysis evaluates existing or proposed policies to determine their impact on clients and communities, guiding advocacy efforts.

What is the significance of empowerment in direct practice?

Empowerment enables clients to build confidence, develop skills, and take control of their lives and decisions.

How do social workers ensure confidentiality in direct practice?

By protecting client information, sharing only with consent or as required by law, and adhering to ethical standards.

What is the purpose of strategic planning in indirect practice?

Strategic planning sets goals, identifies priorities, and outlines steps for achieving organizational or program objectives.

How does goal setting contribute to direct practice?

Clear, achievable goals provide direction and a framework for measuring progress and outcomes.

What is case advocacy in direct practice?

Case advocacy involves supporting an individual client to access services, overcome barriers, or address specific needs.

How does networking benefit indirect practice?

Networking builds relationships with other professionals and organizations, enhancing resource availability and collaborative efforts.

What is the role of group facilitation in direct practice?

Group facilitation helps clients share experiences, build support networks, and learn from one another in a structured setting.

What is the purpose of public awareness campaigns in indirect practice?

To educate the public, promote social issues, and encourage action or support for a cause.

How do social workers maintain professional boundaries in direct practice?

By avoiding dual relationships, setting clear limits, and focusing on the client’s best interests.

What is the purpose of policy advocacy in indirect practice?

Policy advocacy aims to influence laws, regulations, or policies to create systemic change benefiting clients or communities.

What is client engagement in direct practice?

Client engagement involves building a trusting relationship and actively involving the client in the assessment and intervention process.

How does capacity building support indirect practice?

Capacity building enhances the skills, resources, and abilities of organizations or communities to address their own needs.

What is the purpose of supervision in direct practice?

Supervision provides guidance, feedback, and professional development to ensure effective and ethical client care.

What is the significance of conflict resolution in direct practice?

Conflict resolution helps address and mediate disagreements, improving relationships and outcomes for clients.

What is systems advocacy in indirect practice?

Systems advocacy seeks to change organizational or systemic practices to improve conditions for groups of clients.

How do social workers use solution-focused approaches in direct practice?

By helping clients identify and build on past successes to create actionable solutions for their current challenges.

What is coalition building in indirect practice?

Coalition building brings together diverse groups to collaborate on common goals, such as social justice initiatives.

What is the purpose of documentation in direct practice?

Documentation provides a clear record of client interactions, progress, and outcomes while meeting legal and ethical standards.

What is community needs assessment in indirect practice?

A process of evaluating the needs and resources of a community to guide program development or advocacy efforts.

How do social workers use empowerment strategies in direct practice?

By encouraging clients to take control of their lives, build confidence, and access resources to achieve their goals.

What is grant writing in indirect practice?

Grant writing involves creating proposals to secure funding for programs or services.

What is the role of client feedback in direct practice?

Client feedback helps evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and ensures the social worker addresses the client’s needs and goals.

What is organizational change in indirect practice?

Organizational change involves modifying policies, procedures, or structures to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness.

How does trauma-informed care influence direct practice?

Trauma-informed care ensures that services are delivered with an understanding of trauma’s impact, prioritizing safety and empowerment.

What is reflective practice in direct practice?

Reflective practice involves self-examination and critical thinking about one’s work to improve effectiveness and personal growth.

How does strategic collaboration enhance indirect practice?

It brings together stakeholders to leverage strengths, share resources, and achieve common goals.

What is the significance of goal alignment in direct practice?

Ensuring that the client’s goals align with their values and circumstances increases motivation and likelihood of success.

What is the purpose of advocacy campaigns in indirect practice?

Advocacy campaigns raise awareness, influence public opinion, and drive policy changes to support clients or causes.

How do social workers manage resistance in direct practice?

By exploring the reasons behind resistance, using motivational interviewing, and adapting interventions to client readiness.

What is organizational advocacy in indirect practice?

Organizational advocacy seeks to address issues within an agency or system to improve services and outcomes.

What is crisis de-escalation in direct practice?

Crisis de-escalation involves calming a tense situation, ensuring safety, and guiding the client toward stabilization.

What is social action in indirect practice?

Social action involves mobilizing communities or groups to address injustices or advocate for systemic change.

How do social workers evaluate outcomes in direct practice?

By assessing the client’s progress toward goals and making adjustments to interventions as needed.

What is systems change in indirect practice?

Systems change focuses on altering policies, structures, or processes to create more equitable and effective systems.

What is cultural humility in direct practice?

Cultural humility is a commitment to lifelong learning, self-reflection, and respecting the client’s cultural identity and experiences.

How do social workers use program evaluation in indirect practice?

By analyzing a program’s effectiveness, efficiency, and impact to guide improvements or justify funding.

What is the significance of client rapport in direct practice?

Strong rapport fosters trust, open communication, and a positive therapeutic relationship.

What is resource mobilization in indirect practice?

Resource mobilization involves securing and distributing resources to address community needs or program goals.

How do social workers address power dynamics in direct practice?

By acknowledging and balancing power differences to empower clients and create a collaborative relationship.

What is the purpose of stakeholder engagement in indirect practice?

Engaging stakeholders ensures diverse perspectives, builds support, and enhances the effectiveness of initiatives.

How does advocacy for marginalized groups fit into indirect practice?

It addresses systemic inequalities and works to improve access, rights, and opportunities for underrepresented populations.

What is strengths-based practice in direct practice?

It focuses on leveraging a client’s strengths and resources to overcome challenges and achieve goals.

How do social workers facilitate group dynamics in direct practice?

By managing interactions, encouraging participation, and addressing conflicts to create a supportive environment.

What is the role of ethical decision-making in indirect practice?

It ensures that policies, programs, and actions align with professional standards and benefit clients and communities.

What is solution-focused therapy in direct practice?

A therapeutic approach that helps clients focus on solutions and strengths rather than problems, encouraging actionable steps.

How do social workers address secondary trauma in indirect practice?

By implementing self-care strategies, seeking supervision, and creating supportive work environments for staff.

What is motivational interviewing in direct practice?

A client-centered approach that helps resolve ambivalence and motivates clients to make positive changes.

How do social workers assess community readiness in indirect practice?

By evaluating the community’s willingness, capacity, and resources to address specific issues or implement programs.

What is client empowerment in direct practice?

Supporting clients in recognizing their strengths and abilities to take control of their lives and achieve their goals.

What is capacity assessment in indirect practice?

Evaluating an organization’s or community’s strengths, resources, and limitations to implement change or address challenges.

How does confidentiality impact direct practice?

Maintaining confidentiality protects client privacy, builds trust, and adheres to ethical and legal standards

What is a logic model in indirect practice?

A tool that outlines a program’s inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes to plan and evaluate its effectiveness.

How do social workers address ethical dilemmas in direct practice?

By applying the NASW Code of Ethics, consulting with colleagues, and prioritizing the client’s well-being and rights.

What is resource mapping in indirect practice?

Identifying and organizing available resources to address specific needs within a community or organization.

What is reflective listening in direct practice?

Reflective listening involves paraphrasing and summarizing what the client shares to ensure understanding and validation.

How do social workers use advocacy skills in indirect practice?

By representing client interests, influencing policy, and working toward systemic change to improve services and outcomes.

What is goal setting in direct practice?

Collaboratively creating specific, measurable, and achievable objectives with clients to guide interventions and progress.

What is program sustainability in indirect practice?

Ensuring that programs have the necessary resources, capacity, and community support to continue functioning long-term.

How does a social worker manage boundaries in direct practice?

By maintaining a professional relationship, avoiding dual roles, and focusing on the client’s goals and needs.

What is social justice advocacy in indirect practice?

Efforts to challenge inequalities, promote equity, and ensure that marginalized populations have access to resources and opportunities.

How do social workers facilitate behavioral change in direct practice?

By using evidence-based interventions, motivational strategies, and collaborative goal-setting to support progress.

What is program scalability in indirect practice?

The ability to expand or replicate programs to reach a broader population while maintaining effectiveness.

What is crisis intervention in direct practice?

Providing immediate support, stabilization, and safety planning for clients experiencing acute distress or emergencies.

How does evaluation contribute to indirect practice?

Evaluation measures program outcomes, identifies areas for improvement, and demonstrates accountability to stakeholders.

What is client-centered practice in direct practice?

An approach that prioritizes the client’s goals, values, and preferences throughout the intervention process.

How do social workers support coalition-building in indirect practice?

By fostering collaboration, facilitating communication, and aligning diverse groups toward shared goals.

What is the significance of therapeutic alliance in direct practice?

A strong therapeutic alliance builds trust, improves engagement, and enhances intervention outcomes.

What is the purpose of community engagement in indirect practice?

To involve community members in identifying needs, creating solutions, and building support for initiatives.

Advocate

A social worker role focused on speaking up for clients, helping them access resources, and ensuring their rights are upheld in various systems.

Validating

Acknowledging and affirming a client’s feelings, thoughts, or experiences as real and important.

Reframing

Helping clients view a situation or thought in a new, more positive or constructive way.

Paraphrasing

Restating the client’s message in your own words to confirm understanding.

Congruence in Communication

Ensuring that verbal and non-verbal messages match, building trust and clarity.

Stages of Change

A model of behavioral change with five stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Short-Term Intervention

Goal-focused, time-limited strategies to address immediate client concerns, often solution-focused therapy.

Role Play

Practicing or simulating real-life situations in a safe environment to build skills or prepare for challenges.

Role Modeling

Demonstrating behaviors or skills for clients to learn through observation and imitation.

Harm Reduction

Strategies aimed at minimizing negative consequences of risky behaviors without requiring abstinence.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud’s theory that unconscious desires and conflicts influence behavior.

Social Work Broker

A role where the social worker connects clients to needed resources, services, or supports within the community.

Id/Ego/Superego

Id: Instinctual desires (pleasure principle). Ego: Rational decision-maker (reality principle). Superego: Moral conscience.

Conscious

Thoughts and feelings we are fully aware of.

Preconscious

Thoughts just below the surface, accessible with effort.

Syntonic

Behaviors or thoughts that align with an individual’s self-image or values.

Dystonic

Behaviors or thoughts that conflict with an individual’s self-image or values.

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler’s theory focusing on overcoming feelings of inferiority and striving for personal growth and success.

Ego Psychology

A theory emphasizing the role of the ego in adapting, managing defenses, and fostering resilience.

Self Psychology

Kohut’s theory emphasizing the importance of relationships and the development of a healthy self through empathy and mirroring.

Cognitive Restructuring

A technique in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that helps clients identify and replace negative, distorted thoughts with healthier, realistic ones.

Task-Centered Approach

A short-term, problem-solving method that focuses on identifying specific tasks to address the client’s immediate needs.

Change Agent

A social worker who facilitates and empowers clients or communities to create positive change, often through planning, problem-solving, and mobilization.

Strategic Family Therapy

A goal-directed approach that focuses on solving family problems through structured interventions, often targeting specific behaviors or patterns.

Structural Family Therapy

A therapy approach developed by Salvador Minuchin that examines and restructures family hierarchies, boundaries, and roles to improve functioning.

Bowenian Family Therapy

Murray Bowen’s approach focusing on family systems, emotional interdependence, and differentiation of self to reduce anxiety in family dynamics.

Permanency Planning

A child welfare strategy that seeks to provide stable, permanent homes for children in foster care through adoption, reunification, or guardianship.

Mindfulness

A practice of focused, non-judgmental awareness of the present moment to reduce stress and improve emotional regulation.

Community Organizing

A process where social workers engage and empower community members to address shared problems and advocate for social change.

Social Planning

A systematic process of analyzing community needs and developing programs, policies, or resources to address them.

Case Management

A collaborative process where social workers assess, plan, coordinate, and monitor services to meet a client’s needs effectively.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

A method of comparing the costs of a program or intervention with its financial or societal benefits to determine value

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Evaluates the cost of an intervention relative to its outcomes, often expressed in non-monetary terms (e.g., improved health or education).

Mediator in Social Work

A social worker acts as a neutral party to help resolve conflicts or disagreements between individuals, families, or groups.

Outcome Assessment

A process of evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention or program by measuring its impact on client outcomes.

Social Work Helping Process

A framework involving engagement, assessment, planning, intervention, evaluation, and termination to guide client work.

Empathy

The ability to understand, feel, and communicate an awareness of another person’s emotions and experiences.

Program Developer

A role where social workers design, implement, and evaluate programs to address community or client needs.

Policy Analyst

A professional who studies, evaluates, and advocates for policies that address social issues and impact client populations.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)

An evidence-based approach to help children and adolescents process trauma, reduce symptoms, and improve coping skills.

Behavioral Therapy

A therapeutic approach that focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through conditioning and reinforcement techniques.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a pleasant stimulus to encourage a desired behavior (e.g., praise for completing a task).

Negative Reinforcement

Removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage a desired behavior (e.g., turning off a loud noise when behavior improves).

Positive Punishment

Adding an unpleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior (e.g., assigning extra chores for misbehavior).

Cycle of Violence

A recurring pattern in abusive relationships consisting of tension-building, acute violence, and a honeymoon phase.

Negative Punishment

Removing a pleasant stimulus to reduce a behavior (e.g., taking away privileges like screen time).

Aversion Therapy

A behavioral technique that uses unpleasant stimuli to reduce or eliminate unwanted behaviors (e.g., pairing nausea with substance use).

In Vivo Desensitization

A form of exposure therapy where a client gradually faces real-life situations or stimuli that provoke anxiety, while practicing relaxation techniques.

Systemic Desensitization

A therapeutic technique that uses gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli paired with relaxation strategies, often using an anxiety hierarchy.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

A goal-oriented therapy that focuses on solutions, strengths, and resources rather than problems, helping clients identify and achieve their desired future.

Gestalt Therapy

A holistic, experiential therapy that emphasizes the present moment, self-awareness, and integrating thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to resolve unfinished business.

Logotherapy

Viktor Frankl’s existential therapy focused on finding meaning in life, even during suffering, as a driving force for personal growth and healing.

Feminist Therapy

A therapeutic approach that addresses societal oppression, gender roles, and power imbalances, empowering clients (especially women) to achieve equality and self-actualization.

Task-Centered/Problem-Solving Therapy

A short-term, structured approach where specific, measurable tasks are collaboratively developed to address immediate client problems.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A therapy combining cognitive-behavioral techniques with mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness, often for borderline personality disorder.

Verbal Communication

Using spoken or written words to convey a message or meaning.

Narrative Therapy

A collaborative therapy where clients “re-author” their life stories, separating themselves from their problems and focusing on personal strengths and values.

Exposure Therapy

A behavioral therapy that reduces fear and anxiety by gradually exposing clients to feared objects, situations, or thoughts in a safe, controlled manner.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A cognitive-behavioral approach developed by Albert Ellis that challenges irrational beliefs and replaces them with rational, healthier thoughts.

Prolonged Exposure Therapy

A specific form of exposure therapy used for PTSD, involving repeated, controlled exposure to trauma memories to reduce avoidance and distress.

Primary Prevention

Interventions aimed at preventing problems or disorders before they occur by reducing risk factors (e.g., education programs, vaccinations).

Secondary Prevention

Early intervention strategies to identify and address problems at an early stage to prevent worsening (e.g., screenings, crisis intervention).

Tertiary Prevention

Interventions aimed at reducing the impact of ongoing issues or disorders, focusing on rehabilitation and minimizing long-term consequences.

Precontemplation

The individual is not yet aware of or does not recognize that their behavior is problematic. They have no intention of changing in the foreseeable future.

Contemplation

The individual is aware that their behavior may be problematic and is considering change, but they are ambivalent and not yet ready to take action.

Preparation

The individual is ready to change and begins to plan concrete steps or strategies to modify their behavior in the near future (e.g., within 30 days).

Non-Verbal Communication

Communicating through body language, facial expressions, tone, gestures, and posture.

Action

The individual actively takes steps to change their behavior by implementing their plan. This stage requires significant effort and commitment.

Maintenance

The individual has sustained the new behavior for a significant period (e.g., six months or more) and works to prevent relapse and consolidate gains.

Relapse (Optional Stage)

A return to previous behaviors after a period of progress. It is seen as a natural part of the change process, and individuals can re-enter the cycle at any stage.

Active Listening

Fully concentrating, understanding, and responding thoughtfully to a speaker’s message. Includes eye contact and open body language.

Reflecting

Repeating back or summarizing what the client said to demonstrate understanding and clarify meaning.

What is the main focus of solution-focused therapy?

Identifying solutions rather than focusing on problems.

What are the four core principles of motivational interviewing?

Express empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance, and support self-efficacy.

What are the six steps of crisis intervention?

Assessment, Rapport Building, Problem Identification, Addressing Feelings, Generating Alternatives, and Follow-up

What is the primary focus of task-centered practice?

Solving immediate and specific problems.

What is the purpose of psychoeducation in social work?

To educate clients

What is the primary purpose of social welfare policies?

To provide support and resources to vulnerable populations.

What is the first step in policy analysis?

Define the problem.

What is lobbying in the context of social work?

Influencing policymakers to enact legislation that benefits clients and communities.

What is the main difference between Medicaid and Medicare?

Medicaid is income-based; Medicare is age-based or for those with disabilities.

What is the primary goal of the Affordable Care Act?

To expand healthcare coverage and reduce costs.

What is the goal of generalist social work practice?

To address client needs across multiple systems and levels.

What is the primary goal of social work advocacy?

To promote social justice and support client empowerment.

What is the difference between micro and macro practice?

Micro focuses on individuals and families; macro focuses on communities and policies.

Bachelor Level Flashcards: Direct and Indirect Practice

Bachelor Level Flashcards: Direct and Indirect Practice

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