Advanced Generalist: Intervention and Techniques For use Across System

What are the stages of the planned change process in social work interventions?

1. Engagement: Building rapport and trust. 2. Assessment: Gathering data and understanding client needs. 3. Planning: Setting goals and developing action steps. 4. Implementation: Carrying out interventions. 5. Evaluation: Assessing progress and effectiveness. 6. Termination: Ending the relationship while ensuring support continuity.

What is the primary focus of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT)?

SFBT emphasizes identifying and amplifying solutions, focusing on strengths and successes, rather than problems.

How does motivational interviewing (MI) facilitate behavior change?

MI helps clients resolve ambivalence, enhance intrinsic motivation, and commit to change through techniques such as open-ended questions, reflective listening, and affirmations.

What is the purpose of a genogram in family systems interventions?

A genogram maps family relationships and patterns, helping identify intergenerational dynamics and issues such as trauma, conflict, or resilience.

What is the difference between case advocacy and cause advocacy?

Case advocacy: Focuses on individual or family needs (e.g., securing resources for a client). Cause advocacy: Addresses systemic issues affecting a group or population (e.g., advocating for policy changes).

What are the components of a biopsychosocial assessment?

1. Biological: Physical health, medical history, genetic factors. 2. Psychological: Mental health history, emotions, coping mechanisms. 3. Social: Relationships, cultural background, socioeconomic status, environment.

What is the purpose of gathering collateral data during assessments?

Collateral data provides additional perspectives and information from family members, friends, or other professionals, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the client’s situation.

How does trauma history inform biopsychosocial assessments?

Understanding trauma history helps identify triggers, symptoms of PTSD, and coping mechanisms, guiding trauma-informed care and interventions.

What is the role of social determinants of health in biopsychosocial assessments?

Social determinants such as housing, education, and employment shape client health and well-being, influencing intervention strategies.

How do cultural factors impact biopsychosocial assessments?

Cultural beliefs and practices influence client perspectives on health, help-seeking behaviors, and expectations for treatment.

What is the purpose of the DSM-5 in social work assessment?

The DSM-5 provides standardized criteria for diagnosing mental health conditions, helping social workers identify client needs and develop treatment plans.

How do social workers use ecomaps in assessment?

Ecomaps visually represent a client’s relationships with their environment, identifying sources of support and stress.

What is the difference between standardized and non-standardized assessment tools?

Standardized tools: Validated instruments with established reliability (e.g., Beck Depression Inventory). Non-standardized tools: Flexible and qualitative methods (e.g., interviews, observations).

How do social workers assess for risk in crisis situations?

By evaluating the immediacy and severity of the risk (e.g., suicide, violence), protective factors, and the need for safety planning or emergency interventions.

What are key ethical considerations in social work assessments?

1. Obtaining informed consent. 2. Ensuring cultural competence. 3. Maintaining confidentiality. 4. Avoiding bias and assumptions.

What is the significance of identifying strengths during assessments?

Identifying strengths empowers clients, builds resilience, and serves as a foundation for goal setting and intervention planning.

How does reflective listening enhance assessment accuracy?

Reflective listening ensures the client feels heard and understood, clarifies client statements, and helps build trust during the assessment process.

What is the purpose of task-centered assessments in interventions?

Task-centered assessments focus on identifying immediate problems and developing short-term, actionable steps for resolution.

How does the strengths-based perspective influence intervention planning?

This perspective focuses on leveraging client resources, skills, and abilities to address challenges and achieve goals.

What is the importance of cultural humility in assessments?

Cultural humility ensures that social workers acknowledge and adapt to the client’s cultural context, avoiding assumptions and fostering respect.

How do social workers assess for co-occurring disorders?

By exploring overlapping symptoms of mental health and substance use disorders, using tools like the Addiction Severity Index (ASI).

What is the role of the client’s ecological context in assessment?

The ecological context considers how systems (e.g., family, community, policies) influence the client’s well-being and challenges.

What are key components of trauma-informed assessments?

1. Creating a safe environment. 2. Asking about trauma sensitively. 3. Recognizing trauma-related symptoms. 4. Avoiding re-traumatization.

How do social workers use structured interviews in assessments?

Structured interviews ensure consistency and reliability in gathering information, often using pre-determined questions.

What is the significance of environmental factors in risk assessments?

Environmental factors, such as housing stability and community safety, influence the client’s ability to manage risks and access support systems.

What is the goal of systems theory in social work interventions?

Systems theory helps social workers understand and address how interrelated systems (e.g., family, community, institutions) influence client behavior and outcomes.

How do social workers apply the ecological perspective in interventions?

The ecological perspective examines the interactions between clients and their environments, guiding strategies to strengthen supports and reduce barriers.

What is the purpose of cognitive-behavioral interventions in social work?

CBT helps clients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors, improving emotional regulation and coping skills.

How does task-centered practice address client needs?

Task-centered practice focuses on short-term problem-solving by breaking issues into manageable tasks and measuring progress incrementally.

What is the importance of group dynamics in therapeutic interventions?

Understanding group dynamics (e.g., roles, cohesion, conflict) ensures effective facilitation and fosters collaboration among participants.

What is the role of cultural assessment tools in biopsychosocial evaluations?

Cultural assessment tools help identify how cultural beliefs and practices influence the client’s health, relationships, and treatment preferences.

How does a client’s spiritual history inform social work interventions?

Understanding spiritual history provides insight into coping mechanisms, values, and sources of support, which can guide holistic interventions.

What is the significance of early childhood experiences in biopsychosocial assessments?

Early experiences shape attachment patterns, emotional development, and future relational behaviors, offering critical context for interventions.

How does collateral data enhance the accuracy of risk assessments?

Collateral data from family, teachers, or medical professionals provides additional perspectives, helping validate and supplement client-reported information.

What is the importance of social role assessments in biopsychosocial evaluations?

Social role assessments evaluate how clients perform in roles (e.g., parent, worker) and identify stressors or conflicts affecting their functioning.

How do social workers assess for substance use disorders?

By using screening tools like the CAGE questionnaire, exploring patterns of use, and assessing the impact on daily functioning and relationships.

What is the role of strengths-based assessments in social work?

Strengths-based assessments focus on identifying client capabilities, resources, and positive attributes to build solutions.

How does the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) inform treatment planning?

The GAF scores provide a baseline for assessing psychological, social, and occupational functioning, guiding intervention priorities.

What are the key features of trauma-informed assessment?

Safety, trustworthiness, collaboration, empowerment, and understanding the impact of trauma on behavior and health.

How do structured assessments differ from clinical interviews?

Structured assessments use standardized tools for consistency, while clinical interviews allow flexibility to explore unique client concerns.

What is the focus of crisis intervention models?

Crisis intervention prioritizes immediate stabilization, safety planning, and connection to support systems to address acute distress.

How does advocacy work within systems-level interventions?

Advocacy addresses systemic barriers, promotes policy change, and ensures equitable access to resources for individuals and communities.

What is the purpose of psychoeducation in social work interventions?

Psychoeducation informs clients about their conditions, coping strategies, and available resources, empowering them to manage challenges effectively.

How do social workers use harm reduction strategies?

Harm reduction focuses on minimizing the negative consequences of behaviors, such as substance use, while respecting client autonomy.

What is the role of mindfulness in therapeutic interventions?

Mindfulness teaches clients to focus on the present moment, reducing stress and improving emotional regulation.

What is the significance of family history in biopsychosocial assessments?

Family history provides context for genetic predispositions, relational dynamics, and patterns of behavior across generations.

How do environmental factors influence biopsychosocial assessments?

Environmental factors like housing stability, neighborhood safety, and access to resources shape client well-being and intervention strategies.

What is the importance of identifying protective factors during assessments?

Protective factors, such as strong social supports or coping skills, mitigate risks and enhance resilience in clients.

How does collateral data inform child welfare assessments?

Collateral information from teachers, doctors, or extended family helps verify concerns and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the child’s environment.

What role do cultural norms play in interpreting biopsychosocial data?

Cultural norms influence the client’s perception of health, relationships, and acceptable behaviors, requiring cultural competence in analysis.

How do social workers assess for domestic violence in biopsychosocial evaluations?

By asking sensitive, direct questions, observing for signs of abuse (e.g., physical injuries, fearfulness), and exploring the dynamics of power and control within relationships.

What is the role of assessment in identifying systemic barriers affecting clients?

Assessment identifies obstacles such as discrimination, lack of access to resources, or institutional biases that impact the client’s ability to achieve goals.

How does observing nonverbal behavior contribute to assessments?

Nonverbal cues (e.g., body language, tone, eye contact) provide insights into emotional states and unspoken concerns.

What are the steps in conducting a risk assessment for self-harm?

1. Identify risk factors (e.g., prior attempts, depression). 2. Evaluate protective factors (e.g., social supports). 3. Determine the immediacy and severity of the risk. 4. Develop a safety plan or refer for crisis intervention.

How does ecological systems theory guide assessments?

It examines the client’s relationships with various systems (e.g., family, community, policies), identifying how these interactions impact behavior and well-being.

What is the purpose of narrative therapy in social work interventions?

Narrative therapy helps clients reframe their personal stories to emphasize strengths and resilience, reducing the power of problem-saturated narratives.

How does group therapy support clients?

Group therapy provides peer support, normalizes experiences, and fosters skill-building in a collaborative environment.

What is the importance of collaborative goal setting in interventions?

Collaborative goal setting ensures that the treatment plan aligns with the client’s priorities, fostering engagement and commitment to change.

How do social workers use role-playing as an intervention technique?

Role-playing allows clients to practice new behaviors, rehearse challenging situations, and build confidence in handling real-life scenarios.

What is the focus of strengths-based practice in interventions?

Strengths-based practice emphasizes leveraging client resources, skills, and capacities to achieve goals and overcome challenges.

How do social workers assess the impact of trauma on client behavior?

By exploring trauma history, identifying triggers and symptoms, and understanding how past experiences influence current coping mechanisms.

What is the significance of assessing a client’s support network?

Support networks provide emotional, practical, and financial resources, influencing the client’s resilience and ability to manage stressors.

How do social workers evaluate environmental stressors in assessments?

By identifying factors such as unemployment, unsafe living conditions, or lack of access to healthcare, which contribute to the client’s challenges.

What is the role of health literacy in biopsychosocial assessments?

Health literacy affects the client’s ability to understand and act on health-related information, influencing compliance and outcomes.

How do developmental milestones inform assessments in children?

Assessing milestones helps identify delays or atypical patterns that may require intervention or specialized support.

How does the Mental Status Examination (MSE) contribute to assessments?

The MSE evaluates cognitive and emotional functioning, including appearance, mood, thought processes, and insight, providing a baseline for diagnosis.

What is the role of open-ended questions in assessments?

Open-ended questions encourage clients to share detailed information, fostering a better understanding of their experiences and needs.

How do social workers assess for resilience?

By exploring coping mechanisms, past successes in overcoming adversity, and the presence of supportive relationships or community resources.

What is the importance of triangulating data in assessments?

Triangulating data from multiple sources (e.g., client self-report, collateral information, observation) ensures accuracy and a comprehensive understanding.

How do cultural assessment tools enhance the accuracy of diagnoses?

Cultural tools help contextualize symptoms and behaviors within the client’s cultural framework, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.

How do safety assessments address client well-being?

Safety assessments evaluate risks of harm (e.g., abuse, neglect, self-harm) and develop plans to mitigate those risks.

How does psychoeducation reduce client stigma?

By providing information about mental health conditions and normalizing experiences, psychoeducation reduces shame and empowers clients.

What is the focus of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in social work practice?

DBT emphasizes skills in emotional regulation, distress tolerance, mindfulness, and interpersonal effectiveness, often used for clients with borderline personality disorder.

How do social workers assess for environmental strengths?

By identifying community resources, supportive relationships, and opportunities that can enhance the client’s well-being.

What is the purpose of client feedback in assessments?

Feedback ensures that the assessment reflects the client’s perspective, fostering trust and collaboration.

How do social workers use behavioral observation in assessments?

Behavioral observation involves systematically watching and recording client behaviors in specific settings to understand patterns and triggers.

What is the importance of the client’s readiness for change in intervention planning?

Understanding readiness for change helps tailor interventions to the client’s stage in the transtheoretical model (e.g., precontemplation, contemplation, action).

How does client empowerment influence intervention outcomes?

Empowering clients fosters self-efficacy, motivation, and active participation in achieving goals, leading to more sustainable outcomes.

What is the purpose of social work supervision in assessments?

Supervision provides guidance, ensures ethical practices, and offers a space to reflect on complex cases and refine assessment skills.

How do social workers address client ambivalence in assessments?

By using techniques such as motivational interviewing to explore and resolve conflicting feelings about change.

What is the goal of ecosystemic interventions?

Ecosystemic interventions address the interactions between the client and their environment, focusing on systemic change to improve well-being.

How does trauma-informed care influence intervention techniques?

Trauma-informed care ensures interventions prioritize safety, avoid re-traumatization, and build on client strengths.

What is the focus of empowerment-based interventions?

These interventions build client confidence and autonomy, equipping them to advocate for themselves and solve problems independently.

How do social workers use conflict resolution strategies in interventions?

By facilitating communication, identifying common goals, and promoting understanding, social workers help clients resolve disputes constructively.

What is the purpose of developing SMART goals in interventions?

SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) provide clear benchmarks for success and help track progress.

How do chronic illnesses impact biopsychosocial assessments?

Chronic illnesses affect physical health, emotional well-being, and social roles, requiring a comprehensive evaluation of the client’s needs and supports.

What is the significance of assessing cultural identity in biopsychosocial evaluations?

Cultural identity influences values, coping styles, and perceptions of health, guiding culturally sensitive interventions.

How does assessing financial stability inform social work practice?

Financial stability impacts access to resources, stress levels, and the client’s ability to meet basic needs, shaping intervention priorities.

What is the role of life-course perspective in biopsychosocial assessments?

The life-course perspective examines how historical, social, and cultural factors influence the client’s experiences and developmental trajectory.

How do collateral sources help identify unreported risks?

Collateral sources, such as teachers or neighbors, provide objective information that can reveal risks or issues the client may not disclose.

What is the purpose of functional assessments in social work?

Functional assessments evaluate the client’s ability to perform daily activities, identifying strengths and areas needing support.

How does assessing emotional regulation inform treatment planning?

Understanding emotional regulation helps identify triggers and develop strategies to improve coping and reduce distress.

What is the significance of using culturally adapted assessment tools?

Culturally adapted tools ensure assessments are relevant and valid for clients from diverse backgrounds.

How do social workers assess client motivation during the intake process?

By exploring the client’s goals, perceived barriers, and commitment to change, social workers tailor interventions to align with their motivation.

What is the role of psycho-social history in mental health assessments?

Psycho-social history provides context for understanding the client’s challenges, including relationships, past trauma, and coping patterns.

How does the biopsychosocial-spiritual approach guide holistic care?

This approach integrates physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions, ensuring comprehensive client-centered interventions.

How do social workers assess coping strategies during stress?

By exploring past and current methods of managing stress, identifying adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.

What is the purpose of ecological assessments in social work?

Ecological assessments analyze how environmental factors impact the client’s functioning and identify systemic supports or barriers.

How do social workers address language barriers during assessments?

By using professional interpreters and culturally appropriate communication tools to ensure accurate information gathering and client understanding.

What is the importance of assessing client strengths in mental health treatment?

Identifying strengths fosters empowerment, builds resilience, and provides a foundation for successful interventions.

What are the key components of an intervention plan?

1. Goals: Specific outcomes the client seeks to achieve. 2. Objectives: Measurable steps toward goals. 3. Strategies: Methods or techniques to achieve objectives. 4. Timeline: Defined duration for implementation and evaluation.

How does client input shape intervention planning?

Client input ensures the plan aligns with their goals, values, and readiness for change, fostering engagement and ownership.

What is the purpose of prioritizing goals in an intervention plan?

Prioritizing helps address the most urgent or impactful issues first, ensuring efficient use of resources and client focus.

How does cultural competence influence intervention planning?

Cultural competence ensures interventions are respectful of the client’s cultural values, beliefs, and practices, enhancing effectiveness and engagement.

What is the role of the strengths-based approach in intervention planning?

This approach leverages the client’s existing skills, resources, and supports to develop practical and achievable solutions.

How do social workers use the SMART framework in goal setting?

SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, providing clear and actionable steps for intervention.

What is the importance of ongoing assessment during intervention implementation?

Ongoing assessment ensures the intervention remains relevant, allows for adjustments, and tracks progress toward goals.

How do social workers address barriers during intervention implementation?

By identifying obstacles early, collaborating with clients to develop strategies, and adjusting the plan as needed to overcome challenges.

What is the role of collaboration in intervention planning?

Collaboration involves engaging the client, family, and other stakeholders to ensure the plan reflects diverse perspectives and resources.

How do social workers determine the appropriateness of intervention strategies?

Strategies should align with the client’s needs, goals, and cultural context, as well as evidence-based practices.

What is the significance of evaluating intervention outcomes?

Evaluation measures the effectiveness of the intervention, identifies areas for improvement, and informs future planning.

How does client readiness for change impact intervention implementation?

Understanding readiness allows social workers to tailor strategies to the client’s stage in the transtheoretical model, enhancing success.

What is the purpose of contingency planning in interventions?

Contingency planning anticipates potential challenges and develops alternative strategies to ensure continuity and effectiveness.

How do social workers integrate evidence-based practices into intervention planning?

By selecting interventions supported by research that are proven effective for the client’s specific issues and population.

What is the importance of timelines in intervention plans?

Timelines provide structure, set expectations for progress, and help evaluate the intervention’s success within a defined period.

How does empowerment play a role in intervention implementation?

Empowerment involves building the client’s confidence and skills, encouraging autonomy and active participation in the intervention process.

What is the role of advocacy in intervention planning?

Advocacy ensures the client has access to necessary resources and addresses systemic barriers affecting the success of the intervention.

How do social workers manage ethical dilemmas during intervention implementation?

By consulting the NASW Code of Ethics, seeking supervision, and prioritizing the client’s best interests while balancing professional responsibilities.

What is the purpose of monitoring client progress in interventions?

Monitoring ensures the intervention is effective, identifies needed adjustments, and provides accountability for both the client and social worker.

How do social workers use psychoeducation in interventions?

Psychoeducation helps clients understand their challenges, build coping skills, and gain knowledge to make informed decisions.

What is the significance of flexibility in intervention implementation?

Flexibility allows social workers to adapt strategies and goals to respond to changing circumstances or new client needs.

How do social workers involve clients in decision-making during interventions?

By engaging clients in goal-setting, strategy selection, and problem-solving, social workers foster ownership and collaboration.

What is the role of resource linkage in intervention implementation?

Resource linkage connects clients to services, supports, and opportunities that address needs and enhance intervention success.

How do social workers ensure interventions are trauma-informed?

By prioritizing safety, promoting trust, avoiding re-traumatization, and tailoring strategies to account for the client’s trauma history.

What is the importance of documenting intervention processes and outcomes?

Documentation ensures accountability, tracks progress, provides continuity of care, and supports communication with other providers.

What is an experimental design?

A research design where participants are randomly assigned to groups, and an independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

Name three types of antidepressants.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding possessions, regardless of value. • Example: Living in cluttered conditions due to excessive saving.

Substance Use Disorder

Problematic use of substances leading to impairment or distress. • Example: Continued alcohol use despite relationship and work problems.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Brain dysfunction caused by external force (e.g., fall, accident). • Symptoms: Confusion, memory loss, mood changes.

Assessment

Gathering client information to identify strengths, needs, and concerns.

Planning

Developing goals and intervention strategies to address client needs.

Termination

Ending services while ensuring follow-up care and evaluation of progress.

Dependent Variable

The outcome being measured in research.

Independent Variable

The factor that is intentionally changed or controlled in an experiment to observe its effect. The variable manipulated by the researcher.

Cross-Sequential Design

Combines cross-sectional and longitudinal methods to study multiple groups over time.

Tourette’s Disorder

• A neurological disorder characterized by the presence of both motor and vocal tics that persist for at least 1 year. • Motor Tics: Sudden, brief, repetitive movements (e.g., blinking, shoulder shrugging, facial grimacing). • Vocal Tics: Involuntary sounds or words (e.g., throat clearing, sniffing, grunting, or shouting). • Example: A child repeatedly blinking (motor tic) and making a humming sound (vocal tic) without control.

What are antianxiety medications primarily used for?

Treating anxiety disorders and acute anxiety symptoms.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Chronic mood fluctuations with periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting 2+ years (1 year in children). • Example: Frequent mood swings between mild highs and lows without severe episodes.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder with alternating manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes.

Bipolar I Disorder

At least one manic episode lasting 7+ days or requiring hospitalization, often followed by depression. • Manic Episode: Elevated mood, high energy, risky behaviors. • Example: Staying awake for days, impulsive spending, grandiosity.

Bipolar II Disorder

At least one hypomanic episode (4+ days) and one major depressive episode. No full manic episodes. • Example: Feeling very productive for days, followed by weeks of sadness.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Chronic mood fluctuations with periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting 2+ years (1 year in children). • Example: Frequent mood swings between mild highs and lows without severe episodes.

Manic Episode

A period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy lasting at least 1 week. • Symptoms: Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, Decreased need for sleep, Racing thoughts or flight of ideas, Increased talkativeness, Risky behaviors (e.g., overspending, reckless driving), • Impact: Causes significant impairment in functioning and may require hospitalization. • Example: A person starts multiple unrealistic projects, spends excessively, and sleeps very little for several days.

Hypomanic Episode

• A less severe form of a manic episode with elevated mood or irritability lasting at least 4 consecutive days. • Symptoms: Similar to mania but less intense:, Increased energy or productivity, Reduced need for sleep, Grandiosity or inflated self-confidence, Talkativeness and racing thoughts • Impact: Does not cause significant functional impairment or hospitalization. • Example: A person feels unusually energetic, starts new projects, and works efficiently without disruption.

Intervention

The process of implementing strategies to address a client’s identified problems, needs, or goals. Steps: Selecting appropriate methods (e.g., counseling, referrals, psychoeducation), Collaborating with clients to develop solutions,Monitoring and adjusting the intervention as needed • Example: Providing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help a client manage anxiety.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A neurodevelopmental disorder marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that occurs in two or more settings (e.g., school, home). • Symptoms: o Inattention: Difficulty focusing, frequent mistakes, losing items. o Hyperactivity: Fidgeting, talking excessively, difficulty sitting still. • Example: Struggles to complete homework at home and frequently disrupts class at school.

Conduct Disorder

A behavioral disorder in children marked by repetitive violations of social norms and others' rights. • Symptoms: Aggression, destruction of property, theft, deceitfulness. • Example: A child frequently bullies peers and engages in vandalism.

Name a commonly prescribed antianxiety medication.

Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam or alprazolam.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A disorder characterized by defiant, angry, and argumentative behaviors in children. • Symptoms: o Often argues with authority figures o Refuses to comply with rules o Deliberately annoys others. • Example: A child frequently refuses to follow teacher instructions and argues when corrected.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder involving challenges with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. • Symptoms: o Difficulty with eye contact, gestures, and understanding social cues. o Repetitive movements or speech. o Sensory sensitivities (e.g., disliking loud noises). • Example: A child avoids playing with peers and repeats the same phrases.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Excessive fear or anxiety about being apart from attachment figures, common in children. • Symptoms: o Refusing to go to school o Nightmares about separation o Physical complaints (e.g., stomachaches) when separated. • Example: A child cries excessively when dropped off at school.

Enuresis (Bedwetting)

Repeated involuntary urination during the day or night in children aged 5 years or older. • Example: A 7-year-old wets the bed at least twice a week for three months.

Encopresis

Repeated involuntary or intentional passage of feces in inappropriate places in children aged 4 years or older. • Example: A 6-year-old soils their underwear despite being toilet trained.

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)

A condition in children caused by neglect or inconsistent caregiving, leading to difficulty forming healthy attachments. • Symptoms: o Emotionally withdrawn behavior o Failure to seek comfort when distressed o Limited positive emotions. • Example: A child avoids hugs and refuses comfort when upset.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)

A disorder in children characterized by inappropriate, overly familiar behavior with unfamiliar adults due to neglect or insufficient caregiving. • Symptoms: o Reduced or absent fear of strangers. o Willingness to approach and interact with unfamiliar adults. o Limited checking back with caregivers, even in unfamiliar settings. • Example: A child runs up to an unknown adult in a park, asking for a hug and acting as though they know them.

What conditions are stimulants commonly prescribed for?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.

Name a commonly prescribed stimulant.

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamine salts (Adderall).

Biopsychosocial Assessment

A comprehensive assessment that explores biological, psychological, and social factors affecting a client’s functioning and well-being. • Key Focus: Looks at health history, mental health symptoms, and social/environmental influences.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

A 21-item self-report questionnaire used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. • Scoring: Higher scores indicate more severe depression.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A standardized psychometric test to assess personality traits and psychopathology. • Use: Helps diagnose mental disorders.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A projective test where individuals interpret inkblots to uncover unconscious thoughts. • Use: Evaluates personality structure and emotional functioning.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

An IQ test that measures cognitive ability in adults. • Components: Verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.

What is a quasi-experimental design?

A research design that lacks random assignment but includes an intervention and comparison to assess causal relationships.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A projective test where individuals create stories about ambiguous pictures. • Use: Evaluates emotions, motivations, and unresolved conflicts.

Mental Status Exam (MSE)

A structured assessment of a client’s cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. • Components: Appearance, speech, mood, thought process, cognition, insight, and judgment.

Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE)

A brief test to assess cognitive functioning, particularly for dementia. • Scoring: Out of 30 points; lower scores suggest cognitive impairment.

Safety Planning

Developing a plan to ensure safety during crises, especially for suicide risk or IPV. • Components: Warning signs, coping strategies, support contacts, and safe places.

Delirium

A sudden, reversible cognitive disturbance caused by medical conditions or substances. • Features: Disorientation, hallucinations, and fluctuating levels of consciousness.

Dementia

A progressive decline in cognitive function, memory, and executive functioning. • Example: Alzheimer’s disease.

Hallucinations

False sensory perceptions without external stimuli. • Types: Auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory.

Delusions

Fixed, false beliefs that are not grounded in reality. • Types: Persecutory, grandiose, and somatic.

Eating Disorders

• Anorexia Nervosa: Restrictive eating, intense fear of weight gain. • Bulimia Nervosa: Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors. • Binge Eating Disorder: Recurrent binge eating without purging. • Pica: Eating non-nutritive substances. • Rumination Disorder: Repeated regurgitation of food.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Intense fear of social situations due to fear of embarrassment or scrutiny.

Factitious Disorder by Proxy

Inducing illness in another person to gain attention or sympathy.

What is a randomized control design?

A type of experimental design considered the gold standard for determining causality, involving random assignment and control groups.

Malingering

Intentionally faking or exaggerating symptoms for external benefits (e.g., money, avoiding work)

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Preoccupation with having a serious illness despite minimal symptoms.

Paraphilic Disorders

Intense and atypical sexual urges causing distress or harm.

Personality Disorders Types:

:

o Cluster A: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal. o Cluster B: Borderline, Antisocial, Narcissistic, Histrionic. o Cluster C: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive.

Childhood Disorders

• Examples: ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Developmental disorder with social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and sensory sensitivities.

Gambling Disorder

Persistent, problematic gambling behavior despite negative consequences.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. • Features: Believes others are deceitful, holds grudges, perceives innocent remarks as threats.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression. • Features: Prefers solitude, little interest in close relationships, emotionally cold.

What are psychotropic medications?

Medications that affect brain chemistry and are used to treat mental health disorders.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Acute discomfort in close relationships, eccentric behaviors, and odd beliefs. • Features: Magical thinking, unusual speech patterns, social anxiety, odd appearance.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions with impulsive behaviors. • Features: Fear of abandonment, mood swings, impulsivity, self-harm, chronic feelings of emptiness.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors. • Features: Dramatic, seeks approval, easily influenced, considers relationships more intimate than they are.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. • Features: Exaggerated sense of importance, entitlement, preoccupation with fantasies of power or success.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Disregard for and violation of the rights of others. • Features: Deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, lack of remorse, repeated unlawful behaviors.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism. • Features: Avoids social situations, fears rejection, sees self as socially inept.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Excessive need to be cared for, leading to submissive and clingy behavior. • Features: Difficulty making decisions, relies on others, fears being alone.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control. • Features: Inflexible, over-focused on rules and details, reluctant to delegate tasks, workaholic tendencies.

Genogram

A visual diagram representing family relationships, patterns, and medical or behavioral histories across generations. • Use: Helps identify family dynamics, hereditary issues, and social systems.

Active Listening

Fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what a client is saying. • Features: Eye contact, open body language, paraphrasing, and reflecting feelings.

Name four categories of psychotropic medications.

Antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety medications, and stimulants.

Organic Disorders

Disorders caused by physical or medical conditions affecting brain function. • Examples: Dementia, delirium, traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Collateral Information

Data gathered from individuals or sources other than the client (e.g., family, medical records). • Use: Provides a fuller picture of the client’s history and functioning.

Insight

A client’s awareness and understanding of their own thoughts, behaviors, and mental health issues. • Levels: Good, partial, or poor insight.

Affect

The observable expression of emotions (e.g., flat, blunted, labile, inappropriate). • Example: Smiling while expressing sadness is inappropriate affect.

Enuresis

Repeated involuntary urination, typically at night, after age 5. • Subtypes: Primary (never achieved continence) or secondary (relapse).

Encopresis

Repeated involuntary defecation in inappropriate places in children older than age 4. • Features: Often linked to constipation or behavioral concerns.

Social Work Helping Process

A structured approach in social work involving: Engagement → Assessment → Planning → Intervention → Evaluation → Termination.

Reliability

Consistency of a measure or assessment tool over time. • Example: A test yields similar results across repeated administrations.

Validity

The extent to which an assessment tool measures what it is intended to measure.

SOAP Assessment

A structured note-taking format: o S: Subjective (client report) o O: Objective (observations, facts) o A: Assessment (clinician’s interpretation) o P: Plan (next steps).

What are antipsychotics used to treat?

Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression.

Formative Evaluation

Ongoing evaluation during an intervention to improve effectiveness. • Example: Feedback gathered mid-program to adjust strategies.

Summative Evaluation

Evaluation conducted at the end of an intervention to measure overall outcomes. • Example: Final program effectiveness report.

Single Subject Design

Research design focusing on one subject over time to evaluate intervention effectiveness • Example: A-B-A design (baseline, intervention, return to baseline)

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)

A psychological test used to assess personality disorders and clinical syndromes. • Use: Helps with diagnosis and treatment planning.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

A standardized test measuring cognitive abilities and intelligence. • Components: Measures reasoning, knowledge, and problem-solving.

External Validity

The extent to which research findings can be generalized to real-world settings.

Predictive Validity

The degree to which a test can predict future outcomes. • Example: SAT scores predicting college success.

Concurrent Validity

The extent to which a test correlates with an existing, established measure. • Example: Comparing a new depression scale with the BDI.

Qualitative Data

Non-numerical data describing characteristics, experiences, or behaviors. • Examples: Interviews, narratives, observations.

Quantitative Data

Numerical data used to measure variables and analyze statistical relationships. • Examples: Surveys, test scores, structured observations.

What is tardive dyskinesia?

A side effect of long-term use of antipsychotics, characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, often of the face and tongue.

Cross-Sectional Design

A research method that studies different groups of people at one point in time. • Use: Identifies differences across age, demographics, or other variables.

Psychosocial Stress

Stress caused by social and psychological factors (e.g., relationships, finances, work). • Example: Stress from job loss or marital conflict.

Risk Assessment

Process of evaluating potential risks (e.g., harm to self/others, neglect) in a client’s environment or behavior. • Use: Guides safety planning and intervention.

Engagement

The initial phase of the helping process where rapport, trust, and a working relationship are established. • Key Skills: Active listening, empathy, and client-centered communication.

Macro Social Work

Focus on large systems such as communities, organizations, and policies. • Example: Advocacy, community organizing, policy development.

Micro Social Work

Focus on individuals or small groups for direct practice and intervention. • Example: Counseling, case management.

Mezzo Social Work

Focus on mid-level systems such as families, groups, and organizations. • Example: Support groups, family therapy, organizational consulting.

Trauma-Informed Care

An approach that recognizes, understands, and responds to the impact of trauma on clients. • Principles: Safety, trustworthiness, empowerment, collaboration, and cultural sensitivity.

Crisis Plans

A plan developed to help clients respond to crisis situations safely and effectively. • Components: Warning signs, coping strategies, emergency contacts, and safety steps.

Discharge (Follow-Up Care)

The final phase of care, ensuring continuity of support after services end. • Key Steps: Referrals, follow-up appointments, and client education.

What are antimanic agents used for?

To treat and prevent manic episodes in bipolar disorder.

Longitudinal Design

Research that studies the same group of people over a long period of time. • Use: Identifies developmental trends or long-term outcomes.

Experimental/Randomized Control

A research design where participants are randomly assigned to control and experimental groups to test interventions. • Strength: High internal validity

Quasi-Experimental Design

A research method similar to experimental design but lacking random assignment. • Use: Often used in real-world settings when randomization isn’t feasible.

Disorientation

A state of mental confusion where a person is unaware of time, place, or identity. • Types: o Time disorientation: Not knowing the current date or time. o Place disorientation: Uncertainty about current location. o Person disorientation: Failure to recognize oneself or others. • Example: A person with dementia may not recognize their own home or forget their age.

Grandiose

An inflated sense of self-importance, power, or abilities. • Associated Disorders: Bipolar I (during manic episodes), Narcissistic Personality Disorder. • Example: Believing one has special powers to influence world events.

Somatic

Relating to physical symptoms that are caused or exacerbated by psychological distress. • Example: Stress causing headaches, stomach pain, or fatigue without a medical cause.

Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

A trauma-related disorder lasting from 3 days to 1 month after exposure to a traumatic event. • Symptoms: Intrusive thoughts, dissociation, avoidance, hyperarousal. • Example: Experiencing flashbacks after a car accident.

Panic Attacks

Sudden and intense periods of fear or discomfort peaking within minutes. • Symptoms: Palpitations, shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, depersonalization. • Example: Feeling unable to breathe while in a crowded elevator.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Excessive, uncontrollable worry about various aspects of life for at least 6 months. • Symptoms: Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension. • Example: Constant worrying about finances, work, and relationships.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A disorder resulting from exposure to trauma, with symptoms lasting more than 1 month. • Symptoms: o Re-experiencing trauma (flashbacks, nightmares). o Avoidance of reminders. o Negative changes in thoughts/moods. o Hypervigilance. • Example: A veteran avoiding fireworks due to combat memories.

What are antidepressants used to treat?

Depression, anxiety disorders, and other mood-related conditions.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by intrusive obsessions and repetitive compulsions aimed at reducing anxiety. • Examples: o Obsession: Fear of germs. o Compulsion: Excessive handwashing.

Agoraphobia

Intense fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable. • Examples: o Avoiding open spaces, public transportation, or crowded places. o Refusing to leave home alone.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Persistent low mood, loss of interest, and associated symptoms for at least 2 weeks. • Symptoms: Fatigue, sleep issues, hopelessness, suicidal ideation.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Chronic low-grade depression lasting at least 2 years (adults) or 1 year (children). • Example: Feeling consistently sad, tired, and unmotivated over years.

Dissociative Disorders

Conditions involving disruptions in memory, identity, perception, or consciousness. • Types: o Dissociative Amnesia: Memory loss of personal information. o Depersonalization: Feeling detached from oneself. o Dissociative Identity Disorder: Presence of two or more distinct identities.

Conversion Disorder

Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, seizures) without medical cause, often triggered by stress. • Example: Sudden inability to walk after witnessing a traumatic event.

Factitious Disorder

Intentionally faking or producing physical/mental symptoms to assume the sick role.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Excessive focus on physical symptoms causing significant distress and impairment.

Prolonged Grief Disorder

Persistent and impairing grief lasting longer than culturally expected. • Timeline: o Adults: Grief lasting >12 months. o Children: Grief lasting >6 months.

Sexual Dysfunctions

Disorders affecting sexual desire, arousal, or performance. • Examples: Erectile dysfunction, female orgasmic disorder.

Advanced Generalist: Intervention and Techniques For use Across System

Advanced Generalist: Intervention and Techniques For use Across System

Quiz Summary

Information

Results

Results

Categories

1. Question

2. Question

3. Question

4. Question

5. Question

6. Question

7. Question

8. Question

9. Question

10. Question

11. Question

12. Question

13. Question

14. Question

15. Question

16. Question

17. Question

18. Question

19. Question

20. Question

21. Question

22. Question

23. Question

24. Question

25. Question

26. Question

27. Question

28. Question

29. Question

30. Question

31. Question

32. Question

33. Question

34. Question

35. Question

36. Question

37. Question

38. Question

39. Question

40. Question

41. Question

42. Question

43. Question

44. Question

45. Question

46. Question

47. Question

48. Question

49. Question

50. Question

51. Question

52. Question

53. Question

54. Question

55. Question

56. Question

57. Question

58. Question

59. Question

60. Question

61. Question

62. Question

63. Question

64. Question

65. Question

66. Question

67. Question

68. Question

69. Question

70. Question

71. Question

72. Question

73. Question